Question 1

Vanessa is highly likely to shop and very unlikely to do laundry. According to the Premack principle of punishment, which of the following would be a contingency of punishment for Vanessa?

Accepted Answer

A)  Doing laundry -> shopping 
B)  Shopping -> doing laundry 
C)  Not doing laundry -> no shopping allowed 
D)  None of these are correct.

Question 2

In the context of obsessions and compulsions, hand-washing is to thoughts about germs as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in anxiety; an increase in anxiety 
B)  an increase in anxiety; a decrease in anxiety 
C)  covert conditioning;  flooding 
D)  flooding; desensitization

Question 3

Research has shown that learned helplessness can sometimes be alleviated by providing a strong cue that signals the occurrence of a(n) _____ escape response.

Accepted Answer

A)  successful 
B)  unsuccessful 
C)  attempted 
D)  vigorous

Question 4

Exposure and response prevention therapy for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder involves prolonged exposure to the anxiety-arousing event while _____ in the _____ behavior pattern that reduces the anxiety.

Accepted Answer

A)  not engaging; compulsive 
B)  engaging; obsessive 
C)  not engaging; obsessive 
D)  engaging; compulsive

Question 5

Ted lost his job after arguing with his boss. As a result, in his subsequent jobs, he never again argued with the boss. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  negative punishment. 
D)  positive punishment.

Question 6

Which of the following behaviors is likely to occur after Sammy is yelled at for throwing his food?

Accepted Answer

A)  He will become more sociable. 
B)  He will be in a better mood than he was prior to the scolding. 
C)  He will pay attention to those around him. 
D)  All of these can result from Sammy being scolded.

Question 7

Robert has a bug phobia. According to the anxiety conservation hypothesis, his fear of bugs does not extinguish because any exposure to bugs:

Accepted Answer

A)  is negatively reinforced. 
B)  is negatively punished. 
C)  is too brief for extinction to take place. 
D)  results in incubation of the fear response.

Question 8

Describe the evolution of avoidance behavior in a typical shuttle avoidance procedure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the evolution of avoidance behavior in...

Question 9

According to Skinner's conditioned suppression theory of punishment, punishment will typically have _____ on behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  permanent effects 
B)  temporary effects 
C)  almost no effect 
D)  unpredictable effects

Question 10

In terms of the anxiety conservation hypothesis, exposure to the aversive stimulus is so minimal that the avoidance response is extremely resistant to _____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  repression 
B)  the escape response 
C)  extinction 
D)  the species-specific defense reaction

Question 11

Distinguish between escape behavior and avoidance behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between escape behavior and avoidance behavior....

Question 12

A meteor hurtling out of the sky and destroying your house most closely aligns with the concept of:

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary punishment. 
B)  noncontingent punishment. 
C)  contingent punishment. 
D)  extrinsic punishment.

Question 13

According to Mineka, phobias in humans and experimental avoidance in rats differ in that:

Accepted Answer

A)  rats avoid the CS. 
B)  experimental avoidance requires a single, brief conditioning trail to produce avoidance that is strong. 
C)  human phobias typically require several conditioning trials to produce avoidance that is persistent. 
D)  None of these are correct.

Question 14

Having one's car towed away for parking in a no parking zone is most similar to the concept of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  time-out 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  response cost 
D)  None of these are correct.

Question 15

In defense of the two-process theory of avoidance, it has been argued that:

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidance responses almost never extinguish. 
B)  animals that continue to avoid a feared situation also continue to experience at least some fear of the CS. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 16

Briefly outline at least five of the problems concerning the use of punishment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly outline at least five of the...

Question 17

Rob is fined for driving over the speed limit. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  time-out 
B)  extinction 
C)  response cost 
D)  repression

Question 18

Jessica whines for extra helpings when she is given dessert at the dinner table. In order to put an end to the whining, her mom decides to stop giving her extra dessert when she whines for it. Her mom is attempting to use a(n) _____ procedure.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive punishment 
B)  time-out 
C)  blocking 
D)  extinction

Question 19

According to the Premack principle of punishment, which of the following constitutes a contingency of punishment for a teenage boy who likes watching television and dislikes doing chores?

Accepted Answer

A)  Watching television ->  doing chores 
B)  Doing chores -> watching television 
C)  Too much of television 
D)  Too little television

Question 20

Masserman was able to induce neurotic symptoms in cats by exposing them to:

Accepted Answer

A)  unpredictable, controllable presentations of food. 
B)  uncontrollable, predictable presentations of food. 
C)  controllable presentations of aversive stimuli. 
D)  unpredictable presentations of aversive stimuli.

Exam 9: Escape Avoidance and Punishment