Question 1

People who use self-rules to enhance self-control are most likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  give themselves specific rather than general instructions. 
B)  display a strong say-do correspondence. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 2

Most people acquire a generalized tendency to follow instructions because:

Accepted Answer

A)  as children, their parents often reinforced such behavior. 
B)  as children, such behavior enabled them to effectively achieve certain outcomes. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  None of these are correct.

Question 3

True imitation is defined as a form of observational learning that involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  the close duplication of a novel behavior. 
B)  moving to the location where a model is currently situated. 
C)  replicating a behavior that an observer has previously performed. 
D)  the reinforcement of gradual approximations toward a novel behavior.

Question 4

A(n) _____ is a(n) _____ that includes an indication of what we should do.

Accepted Answer

A)  rule; instruction 
B)  instruction; command 
C)  instruction; rule 
D)  command; rule

Question 5

As part of an experiment, James is told that he can earn money by pushing a key on an FI 60-sec schedule of reinforcement. James pushes the response key at a blistering pace throughout the interval between reinforcers. In this scenario, it is likely that James:

Accepted Answer

A)  has realized that this is the only way to attain all the reinforcers. 
B)  was previously exposed to an FT 60-sec schedule. 
C)  has assumed that he can attain more reinforcers by emitting more responses than needed. 
D)  developed the behavior of pushing keys gradually.

Question 6

Describe the relation between social learning and media violence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the relation between social learning and...

Question 7

According to the study conducted by Eron and his colleagues, the amount of violent media viewed in childhood is:

Accepted Answer

A)  weakly correlated with aggressive behavior but uncorrelated with criminal behavior. 
B)  significantly correlated with aggressive and antisocial behavior, including criminality. 
C)  unrelated to the levels of aggression in adulthood. 
D)  only related to variables such as social class and education.

Question 8

Which of the following behaviors is most likely an example of contagious behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  An orienting response 
B)  Complex problem-solving 
C)  Daydreaming 
D)  Reciting poetry

Question 9

Children learn to follow instructions because:

Accepted Answer

A)  parents praise them when they do so. 
B)  doing so enables them to better accomplish certain tasks. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  None of these are correct.

Question 10

In learning how to play tennis, instructions are quite effective for:

Accepted Answer

A)  learning the rules of the game. 
B)  acquiring some of the basic actions. 
C)  modifying your swing to best suit your physical characteristics. 
D)  Both a and b are correct.

Question 11

Personal rules exert their effect as a function of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus control 
B)  acquisition 
C)  say-do correspondence 
D)  stimulus enhancement

Question 12

Duplicating is to true imitation as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus enhancement; vicarious enhancement 
B)  noticing; stimulus enhancement 
C)  imitative enhancement; vicarious enhancement 
D)  stimulus enhancement; true imitation

Question 13

Bob carefully plans his exercise routine for the coming week, writing down exactly what he intends to do each day. Bob is making use of personal _________ rules that establish a bright _________ between what he should do and what he should not do.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bob carefully plans his exercise routine for...

Question 14

In what way might exposure to violent media predispose females to become victims of violence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what way might exposure to violent...

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of rules?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are excellent for rapidly establishing a new pattern of behavior. 
B)  They sometimes act as an impediment to adjusting to changes in the contingencies. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  None of these are correct.

Question 16

Rats that are raised with an adult rat that consumes alcohol will:

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid alcohol in adolescence. 
B)  consume twice as much alcohol when they are adolescents. 
C)  try consuming alcohol and then avoid it. 
D)  have an increased preference for alcohol, but only if exposure lasts more than two months.

Question 17

The statement "I will go to the library and study Chemistry this evening from 7:00 to 9:00" is best described as an example of a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-reinforcer 
B)  personal process rule 
C)  implementation intention 
D)  Both b and c are correct.

Question 18

It is difficult to assess evidence of both true imitation and teaching among non-human animals because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is difficult to determine whether a behavior was modeled or performed with intent. 
B)  other species have behaviors that are so dramatically different from humans that we cannot compare them. 
C)  much of the existing evidence is anecdotal and subject to anthropomorphism. 
D)  Both a and c are correct.

Question 19

The correlations between exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior are similar in strength to the correlations between:

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol consumption and intoxication. 
B)  smoking and lung cancer. 
C)  genetic predisposition and Huntington's disease. 
D)  height and IQ.

Question 20

True imitation can be defined as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  duplication of a common behavior. 
B)  duplication of a novel behavior. 
C)  approximation of a common behavior to achieve a goal. 
D)  approximation of a novel behavior to achieve a goal.

Exam 11: Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior