Question 1

Whenever Prince Pueckler-Muskau gave his "word of honor" to carry out some task, he did so categorically. This means that there was a _____ between such statements and his normal statements of intention.

Accepted Answer

A)  good deal of overlap 
B)  good deal of cross-transference 
C)  good deal of similarity 
D)  bright boundary

Question 2

Animals using scent marking at food sites is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus discrimination 
B)  discriminative enhancement 
C)  focused discrimination 
D)  stimulus enhancement

Question 3

In stimulus enhancement, the probability of a behavior is changed because:

Accepted Answer

A)  someone else displays the same behavior. 
B)  an individual's attention is drawn to an item or location by the behavior of another individual. 
C)  one individual teaches another individual how to respond. 
D)  the stimulus is physically altered by a model.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is most likely to result in a successful completion of the desired behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I will clean my apartment on Tuesday evening." 
B)  "I will dust and vacuum my apartment on Tuesday evening at 7:00." 
C)  "I need to clean my apartment this week." 
D)  "I will definitely clean my apartment this week."

Question 5

Vicki laughs out loud at a joke she is reading from a magazine. One by one, her friends around her start giggling and chuckling as well, even though they are not sure what Vicki is laughing about. One even says "What's so funny?" even though she is already laughing. This scenario illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus enhancement 
B)  contagious behavior 
C)  imitation 
D)  a social norm

Question 6

If a bird sees another bird foraging in a garbage bin, it is more likely to forage in that same garbage bin. This behavior most likely illustrates _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a bird sees another bird foraging...

Question 7

An observer's attention to a model can be facilitated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcing the model's behavior. 
B)  reinforcing the observer's behavior of paying attention. 
C)  enhancing the similarities between the model and the observer. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 8

In the Bobo doll studies, it was observed that children were _____ likely to replicate the behavior of models if they had observed models' aggressive behavior being _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; reinforced 
B)  more; punished 
C)  less; reinforced 
D)  Both a and c are correct.

Question 9

Abigail is a workaholic and often fails to keep the promises she makes to her friends. Her behavior shows that she has a:

Accepted Answer

A)  strong tendency toward stimulus enhancement. 
B)  weak tendency toward stimulus enhancement. 
C)  strong tendency toward say-do correspondence. 
D)  weak tendency toward say-do correspondence.

Question 10

Personal process rules are also called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  implementation intentions 
B)  innovation intentions 
C)  intended innovations 
D)  implementation innovations

Question 11

The statement "If you eat well, you will be healthy" is an example of a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  instruction 
B)  rule 
C)  law 
D)  standard

Question 12

In the Bobo doll studies, it was observed that children were _____ likely to replicate the behavior of a model if they had observed the model's aggressive behavior being punished. On the other hand, if the children were offered incentives to behave aggressively after witnessing the punishment, then _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; the level of aggression displayed by the children went up 
B)  less; the level of aggression displayed by the children remained low 
C)  more; the level of aggression displayed by the children remained high 
D)  more; the level of aggression displayed by the children actually dropped

Question 13

Which of the following statements is an example of a rule?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Big boys don't cry." 
B)  "I do not like asparagus." 
C)  "If you scratch my back, I will scratch yours." 
D)  "Psychology is the science of behavior."

Question 14

Noticing is to _____ as duplication is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus enhancement; true imitation 
B)  vicarious enhancement; true imitation 
C)  vicarious imitation; true imitation 
D)  vicarious enhancement; vicarious imitation

Question 15

Why has evidence about the relationship between violent media and violent behavior been underestimated or ignored?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why has evidence about the relationship between...

Question 16

The use of self-promises as a commitment response can be facilitated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  never failing to carry out such promises. 
B)  stating such promises in a distinctive manner. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  None of these are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following statements best exemplifies a bright boundary?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I need to call my parents this weekend." 
B)  "I will definitely call my parents this weekend." 
C)  "I will call my parents on Sunday afternoon." 
D)  "I will call my parents on Sunday afternoon at 2:00 p.m."

Question 18

When we are frightened after observing a look of fear in others, the look of fear in others may be functioning as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a CS or a US. 
B)  a CR or a UR. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 19

The statement "I should sit straight while working on a computer if I wish to prevent back problems" is an example of a(n) _________ rule (or self-_________).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The statement "I should sit straight while...

Question 20

We gradually learn, mostly through _____, the extent to which it is appropriate to perform certain modeled behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  intuition 
B)  reinforcement and punishment 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  behavioral contrast

Exam 11: Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior