Question 1

According to research on persistence patterns, _______ traits rather than environmental traits seem to have the greatest influence on life course persistence.

Accepted Answer

A)  social 
B)  individual 
C)  economic 
D)  family

Question 2

Building __________________-positive relations with individuals and institutions that are life sustaining supports conventional behavior and inhibits deviant behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Building __________________-positive relations with individuals and institutions...

Question 3

The most important social control a person can establish is a successful marriage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The pathway of crime that begins with bullying and annoying others and then escalates to physical fighting and violence is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the power pathway 
B)  the authority conflict pathway 
C)  the overt pathway 
D)  the covert pathway

Question 5

__________________, in his Philadelphia cohort research, identified a small group of chronic offenders who engaged in frequent and repeated criminal activity across their life spans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________________, in his Philadelphia cohort research, identified...

Question 6

Discuss the factors that comprise problem behavior syndrome (PBS) and the association between PBS and crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the factors that comprise problem behavior...

Question 7

Most life course theories believe that the seeds of a criminal career are planted ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  during young adulthood (20s) 
B)  at any time 
C)  late in life 
D)  early in life

Question 8

Most theories focus on why people get involved in crime. In an important 1993 work,____________________, Robert Sampson and John Laub instead focus on whether there are trails back to conformity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most theories focus on why people get...

Question 9

According Farrington, ____________involves direct forms of physical violence, such as robbery, sexual assault, or other forms of assault.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​predation 
B)  ​defiance 
C)  ​submission 
D)  ​control

Question 10

The concept of ____________assumes that the propensity of an individual to participate in antisocial and/or criminal behaviors  is a relatively stable trait, unchanging over their life course.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concept of ____________assumes that the propensity...

Question 11

Life course theories recognize that as people mature the factors that influence their behaviors change. At first, family relations may be most influential. In later adolescence, _________ and _________ relations dominate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Life course theories recognize that as people...

Question 12

.Life events that enable adult offenders to desist from crime are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  developmental shifts 
B)  transition events. 
C)  key spots. 
D)  turning points.

Question 13

Research evaluations indicate that the most promising multicomponent crime and substance-abuse prevention programs for youths, especially those at high risk, are aimed at improving their developmental skills.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to inadequate _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause...

Question 15

Developmental theory holds that criminality may best be understood as one of many social problems faced by at-risk youth, a view termed___________________________. According to this view crime is one among a group of interrelated antisocial behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Developmental theory holds that criminality may best...

Question 16

The life events most likely to enable adult offenders to desist from crime are:

Accepted Answer

A)  religion and marriage 
B)  marriage and career 
C)  education and religion 
D)  marriage and education

Question 17

According to _____________________, crime is one among a group of interrelated antisocial behaviors that cluster together and typically involve family dysfunction, sexual and physical abuse, substance abuse, smoking, precocious sexuality and early pregnancy, educational underachievement, suicide attempts, sensation seeking, and unemployment

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to _____________________, crime is one among...

Question 18

Which of the following is a stable feature, characteristic, property, or condition, present at birth or soon after, that makes some people crime prone over the life course.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​latent trait 
B)  ​propensity 
C)  ​birth right 
D)  ​social contract

Question 19

Positive relations with individuals and institutions that are life sustaining are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  social connections. 
B)  antisocial bonds. 
C)  social capital. 
D)  turning points

Question 20

Those who study _______________ attempt to provide a more global vision of a criminal career, encompassing its onset, continuation, and termination.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those who study _______________ attempt to provide...

Exam 9: Developmental Theories Life Course Latent Trait and Trajectory