Question 1

Children of high-risk families usually enter the education process poorly prepared for its social, emotional, and cognitive demands

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The foundation of developmental theory can be traced to ____, who researched the life cycle of delinquent careers in the 1930s.

Accepted Answer

A)  Marvin Wolfgang 
B)  Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck 
C)  Rolf Loeber 
D)  Sampson and Laub

Question 3

Developmental theories attempt to provide a more global vision of a criminal career, encompassing its onset, persistence, and desistance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

High levels of coercion produce criminality. Coercion that involves pressures beyond an individual's control, such as economic and social pressure caused by unemployment or poverty, is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  covert coercion. 
B)  latent coercion. 
C)  interpersonal coercion. 
D)  impersonal coercion.

Question 5

Most offenders' antisocial behavior peaks during adolescence and then diminishes as they mature until around the age of 18. These offenders are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescent-limiteds 
B)  life course persisters 
C)  adolescent-diminishers 
D)  social-persisters

Question 6

Critics of the general theory of crime claim that it is _________ or involves circular reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Critics of the general theory of crime...

Question 7

One flaw with life course theories is that as people mature they do not take into account things that influence behavior change as well.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is known about the marriage factor and crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who maintain successful marriages are more likely to mature out of a life of crime. 
B)  Marriage stabilizes people. 
C)  The marriage benefit may be intergenerational. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 9

_____ is a crime-reducing social event. Research proves it to be a key element of social capital and informal social control that allows offenders to lead more conventional lifestyles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Unemployment 
B)  Marriage 
C)  Exiting prison 
D)  Being a victim

Question 10

Discuss the policy-based initiatives that have been developed using the premises of developmental theory. What elements or aspects of developmental theory do these initiatives address?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the policy-based initiatives that have been...

Question 11

Explain why age of onset is such an important factor in predicting future criminal involvement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why age of onset is such...

Question 12

The concept of population heterogeneity assumes that the propensity of an individual to participate in antisocial and/or criminal behaviors is a relatively stable trait, unchanging over their life course.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Youths who join gangs are 30% less likely to graduate from high school and 58% less likely to earn a four-year degree than youths of similar background who do not become gang members

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The covert pathway involves aggressive acts that escalate from annoying others and bullying, to physical fighting, and later to violence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Programs and policies based on developmental theory typically feature _____ treatment efforts.

Accepted Answer

A)  economic-related 
B)  singular-focused 
C)  faith-based 
D)  multisystemic

Question 16

According to latent trait theories, why are people who are antisocial during adolescence the most likely to persist in crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  because latent traits are stable. 
B)  because adolescents tend to associate with deviant peers. 
C)  because educational achievement is more difficult during an adolescent's middle- and high-school years. 
D)  because cognitive ability is fully formed by adolescence.

Question 17

Explain the difference between "adolescent-limited" and "life course-persistent" offenders. What are the differences between the offense patterns for two pathway groups?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between "adolescent-limited" and "life...

Question 18

Which of the following is not more typical of early-onset girls than early-onset boys?

Accepted Answer

A)  suicide 
B)  depression 
C)  substance abuse 
D)  relationship problems

Question 19

The view that criminality as a dynamic process, influenced by a multitude of individual characteristics, traits, and social experiences is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the social development model. 
B)  life course theory. 
C)  interactional theory. 
D)  human nature theory.

Question 20

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime, explain how impulsivity, poor self-control, and crime are associated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory...

Exam 9: Developmental Theories Life Course Latent Trait and Trajectory

Children of high-risk families usually enter the education process poorly prepared for its social, emotional, and cognitive demands

The foundation of developmental theory can be traced to ____, who researched the life cycle of delinquent careers in the 1930s.

Developmental theories attempt to provide a more global vision of a criminal career, encompassing its onset, persistence, and desistance.

High levels of coercion produce criminality. Coercion that involves pressures beyond an individual's control, such as economic and social pressure caused by unemployment or poverty, is termed:

Most offenders' antisocial behavior peaks during adolescence and then diminishes as they mature until around the age of 18. These offenders are known as:

Critics of the general theory of crime claim that it is _________ or involves circular reasoning.

One flaw with life course theories is that as people mature they do not take into account things that influence behavior change as well.

What is known about the marriage factor and crime?

_____ is a crime-reducing social event. Research proves it to be a key element of social capital and informal social control that allows offenders to lead more conventional lifestyles.

Discuss the policy-based initiatives that have been developed using the premises of developmental theory. What elements or aspects of developmental theory do these initiatives address?

Explain why age of onset is such an important factor in predicting future criminal involvement.

The concept of population heterogeneity assumes that the propensity of an individual to participate in antisocial and/or criminal behaviors is a relatively stable trait, unchanging over their life course.

Youths who join gangs are 30% less likely to graduate from high school and 58% less likely to earn a four-year degree than youths of similar background who do not become gang members

The covert pathway involves aggressive acts that escalate from annoying others and bullying, to physical fighting, and later to violence.

Programs and policies based on developmental theory typically feature _____ treatment efforts.

According to latent trait theories, why are people who are antisocial during adolescence the most likely to persist in crime?

Explain the difference between "adolescent-limited" and "life course-persistent" offenders. What are the differences between the offense patterns for two pathway groups?

Which of the following is not more typical of early-onset girls than early-onset boys?

The view that criminality as a dynamic process, influenced by a multitude of individual characteristics, traits, and social experiences is known as:

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime, explain how impulsivity, poor self-control, and crime are associated.