Question 1

Who would most likely explain a child's maladaptive behavior by saying, "They probably saw some TV character do that"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blake, who is a behaviorist 
B)  Adam, who is a social learning theorist 
C)  Alicia, who is a Freudian theorist 
D)  Gwen, who is a Piagetian theorist

Question 2

Which research finding supports the idea that a new intelligence test is valid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals earn the same score on the test every time they take it. 
B)  Individuals score higher on the test when they are older than when they were younger. 
C)  Scores on the new intelligence test correlate with scores on another valid intelligence test. 
D)  Most individuals score high on the new intelligence test.

Question 3

Melissa is doing a study in which lacrosse players are interviewed about their role on the team and perceived capabilities for playing in Saturday's game. Melissa seems to be assessing the ____ of the lacrosse players.

Accepted Answer

A)  life-cycle forces 
B)  exosystems 
C)  internal maturational plans 
D)  self-efficacy

Question 4

Patti studies the behavior of preschool children by watching them play at a local daycare center. While doing this, she is careful to find a spot where she will be completely unnoticed by the individuals she is observing. Patti is most likely using a ____ approach to studying the children.

Accepted Answer

A)  structured observation 
B)  correlational 
C)  self-report 
D)  naturalistic observation

Question 5

Neuroscience is the study of the brain and the nervous system in terms of brain-environmental relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Psychodynamic theories place the least emphasis on the ____ portion of the biopsychosocial framework.

Accepted Answer

A)  life-cycle 
B)  psychological 
C)  sociocultural 
D)  biological

Question 7

According to ecological theory, the people closest to a developing child represent his or her

Accepted Answer

A)  microsystem 
B)  macrosystem 
C)  mesosystem 
D)  exosystem

Question 8

Which problem is least associated with longitudinal research?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is difficult to generalize results to the larger population. 
B)  Participants may improve on the tests by taking them multiple times. 
C)  It is expensive to keep collecting data on a large number of participants. 
D)  Participants may choose not to continue.

Question 9

Lynne always wants to visit her grandparents because they give her new toys when she visits. The grandparents have ____ her visiting behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforced 
B)  extinguished 
C)  punished 
D)  Extinguished

Question 10

A researcher has a hypothesis that hostility toward women is created by viewing pornography. If the researcher does an experiment to test this, what would be the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  scores on a "hostility toward women" scale 
B)  being placed in a control group 
C)  the viewing of pornography 
D)  the sex of the subjects

Question 11

What type of theorist would most likely describe human cognitive development using the analogy of "mental software"?

Accepted Answer

A)  an information-processing theorist 
B)  a Freudian theorist 
C)  an operant conditioning theorist 
D)  a social learning theorist

Question 12

Tina is given a huge salary increase and is now able to get things for her children that they have always needed and move into a nicer home. Bronfenbrenner would state that this increase in the mother's salary is an example of the impact of the children's

Accepted Answer

A)  exosystem 
B)  mesosystem 
C)  macrosystem 
D)  microsystem

Question 13

Dr. Bach is a developmental psychologist who is interested in Vygotsky's theory. What sort of forces are probably of most interest to Dr. Bach?

Accepted Answer

A)  biological 
B)  psychological 
C)  life-cycle 
D)  sociocultural

Question 14

Dr. Ann Daround is conducting a study to determine whether fidget spinning causes a reduction in stress. In this experiment, fidget spinning is the

Accepted Answer

A)  control group 
B)  independent variable 
C)  dependent variable 
D)  cohort effect

Question 15

Shuntelle is interested in studying the relationship between self-esteem and school grades. She wants to be able to quantify this relationship but wants to avoid any ethical concerns regarding the manipulation of these variables. What sort of method is the best option for Shuntelle?

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational 
B)  natural observation 
C)  experiment 
D)  physiological

Question 16

After completing his history assignment, Nico is excused from having to wash the dishes, a task he detests. Nico's parents are attempting to use ____ to increase Nico's studying.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  punishment 
C)  extinction 
D)  negative reinforcement

Question 17

Children's judgments of the emotions depicted in photographs may be less accurate than they would be in real life because the photographs are

Accepted Answer

A)  faces of strangers 
B)  faces that are not moving 
C)  black and white 
D)  outdated

Question 18

According to the American Psychological Association, researchers must

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminate all risk to participants 
B)  minimize risk to participants 
C)  use deception if there are risks to participants 
D)  pay participants if they are put at risk

Question 19

Benoit is interested in studying the effects of various biological forces on human development. Which topic is probably of least interest to him?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognition 
B)  brain maturation 
C)  menopause 
D)  exercise

Question 20

Police shootings have dramatically influenced race relations in the early 21st century. From an ecological perspective, this influence is best thought of as part of the culture's

Accepted Answer

A)  mesosystem 
B)  exosystem 
C)  macrosystem 
D)  microsystem

Exam 1: The Study of Human Development