Question 1

Last week, Darrel memorized a poem. Now his roommate tells him that he has memorized one word incorrectly. However, Darrel has memorized the incorrect version so well that he has difficulty learning and remembering the correct word. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement. 
B) decay theory. 
C) proactive inhibition. 
D) retroactive inhibition.

Question 2

When Martha is asked to describe where the state of Alabama is located, she is unable to name the states that are right next to it. She is then asked the same question while looking at a picture of the map of the United States with no state names on it. She immediately points to Alabama and is able to name several of the neighboring states. Martha originally had trouble remembering Alabama's location because of poor

Accepted Answer

A) recall. 
B) recognition. 
C) elaborative rehearsal. 
D) maintenance rehearsal.

Question 3

Which of the following is the best example of spreading activation at work?

Accepted Answer

A) Your sensory registers allow you to perceive smooth motion when you move your head. 
B) You find it difficult to remember happy things when you are in a bad mood. 
C) You find it easy to relearn vocabulary words that you had once learned but forgot. 
D) You start thinking about cars, and that leads you to think about trucks and sport-utility vehicles.

Question 4

Homer is trying to remember the different functions of the control panel at the nuclear power plant where he works. He remembers the functions of the different buttons by thinking about the types of donuts that the buttons most resemble. For example, he is supposed to press a red button to shut off the reactors when they are about to have a meltdown. He remembers this because the red button reminds him of cherry donuts, which he eats only during hot weather. The type of processing that Homer is using is __________ rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

A) state-specific 
B) elaborative 
C) maintenance 
D) transfer-appropriate

Question 5

Your friend Benjamin tells you that he's going to study for his upcoming exam by setting aside six hours one day to devote solely to the material. Having learned much from your psychology class, you explain to Benjamin that it's much more effective for him to utilize __________ to study because it will help him to spread out the material and learn it more deeply.

Accepted Answer

A) distributed practice 
B) massed practice 
C) the recency effect 
D) the primacy effect

Question 6

Xandra is learning rapidly and storing new memories all the time. For her brain to store these memories, her neurons will have to

Accepted Answer

A) become myelinated. 
B) form new synapses and change the function of existing synapses. 
C) send stronger signals to the amygdala and hypothalamus. 
D) increase the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Question 7

Which model of memory might best explain how the brain works when a person is multitasking (for example, talking on the telephone while cooking dinner and watching the kids play in the driveway)?

Accepted Answer

A) Information-processing 
B) Transfer-appropriate processing 
C) Levels-of-processing 
D) Parallel distributed processing

Question 8

As Red ages, his ability to remember things is declining. His doctor believes that there is a biological reason for this deterioration and prescribes a drug to improve Red's memory. The doctor most likely prescribed a drug that would __________ the amount of __________ activity in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) increase; dopamine 
B) decrease; glutamate 
C) increase; acetylcholine 
D) decrease; serotonin

Question 9

After looking up a friend's new number in the phone book, Franklin discovers that the pay phone is being monopolized by someone. Assuming that Franklin is not rehearsing the number, he will be able to remember the telephone number for about

Accepted Answer

A) one second. 
B) ten seconds. 
C) twenty seconds. 
D) two minutes.

Question 10

Which teacher is forgetting the concept of transfer-appropriate processing?

Accepted Answer

A) Professor Larriby regularly shows up late to class but penalizes students when they are tardy. 
B) Dr. McCoy gives students extra credit opportunities on every test. 
C) Professor Wieters allows students to listen to music through headphones while they take tests, but they must promise not to cheat. 
D) Dr. Trumbo gives student weekly multiple-choice quizzes, but gives the final exam in an all-essay format.

Question 11

Toni has to remember her shopping list, which contains the following items: lemons, saw, beer, napkins, apples, lettuce, nails, cups, juice, newspaper, magazine, milk, and screwdriver. She decides to mentally place the items in categories: (1)lemons, apples, lettuce; (2)beer, juice, milk; (3)saw, nails, screwdriver; (4)newspaper, magazine; and (5)napkins, cups. Which of the following did Toni not use in this process?

Accepted Answer

A) Chunking 
B) Long-term memory 
C) The Brown-Peterson distractor technique 
D) Short-term memory

Question 12

Stan is trying to remember the name of the people in his new study group. He visualizes Stacey at the kitchen table, Lucy in the hallway, Monty at the microwave, and Mandy at the refrigerator. Stan is using a memory enhancing strategy known as

Accepted Answer

A) the PQ4R method. 
B) elaboration. 
C) acronymnemonics. 
D) method of loci.

Question 13

Marcie found that remembering her ATM card number and pin number was much easier when she grouped the twelve numbers into sets of threes instead of trying to remember twelve separate numbers. What technique is Marcie using to extend her short-term memory capacity?

Accepted Answer

A) Mnemonic strategies 
B) Stringing 
C) Chunking 
D) Method of loci

Question 14

During a game of Trivial Pursuit, Robyn is asked for the capital of Australia. After thinking for a few moments she says, correctly, "Canberra." This is an example of a(n)__________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A) implicit 
B) episodic 
C) explicit 
D) procedural

Question 15

Crystal was involved in a serious snowmobile accident. Immediately after the accident, she could not remember the four days prior to the injury. As she recovered, she eventually remembered everything except the actual snowmobile ride that resulted in the injury. What did she suffer from?

Accepted Answer

A) Anterograde amnesia 
B) Infantile amnesia 
C) Retrograde amnesia 
D) Age amnesia

Question 16

According to the information-processing model of memory, when all three types of memory work together, as in reading,

Accepted Answer

A) the sensory registers hold information to match with information in long-term memory. 
B) early parts of the sentence are held in short-term memory to compare to words in long-term memory. 
C) light from the page is converted to neural activity stored in short-term memory. 
D) memory is not necessary because all the input is present.

Question 17

Janis was at the mall when she saw a bright pink hat with flowers on it. Suddenly, Janis felt anxious, upset, and frightened, but she did not understand why. What Janis subconsciously remembered was that when she was five years old, she wore a similar hat to school, and everyone laughed and threw rocks at her. This is an example of a(n)__________ memory because she had not intended to recall the information from her long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) semantic 
B) implicit 
C) procedural 
D) explicit

Question 18

Many death row inmates are convicted on the basis of eyewitness testimony. Which of the following best represents what is known about that kind of testimony?

Accepted Answer

A) Eyewitness testimony is highly reliable. 
B) Good and bad eyewitness testimony is evaluated accurately by juries. 
C) Eyewitness testimony can be biased by the type of questions that are asked. 
D) Eyewitness testimony is never reliable.

Question 19

Information is retained in visual sensory memory for __________.

Accepted Answer

A) sixty seconds 
B) about one-fourth of a second 
C) twenty seconds 
D) thirty seconds

Question 20

Your friend tells you that she just bought a cat. You naturally assume that your friend means that she bought a housecat rather than a lion or a tiger. This is an illustration of

Accepted Answer

A) a spontaneous generalization. 
B) constructive memory. 
C) implicit memory. 
D) the relearning method.

Exam 6: Memory