Question 1

Gina has experienced damage to a region in the posterior part of the temporal lobe.Her semantic abilities are impaired but her syntax seems to be largely intact.Gina has experienced damage to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Aphasia's area 
B)  Broca's area 
C)  Wernicke's area 
D)  William's area

Question 2

All of the following statements about bilingualism are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  early studies tended to confound the effects of bilingualism with the effects of specific social disadvantages 
B)  monolingual children understand at earlier ages compared with bilingual children that words have fixed meanings 
C)  recent studies suggested that bilingual individuals show advantages in tasks that require a more objective understanding of language and its structures 
D)  several reports comparing bilingual education programs with English-immersion programs have shown little or no advantage of bilingual programs

Question 3

"Jackson saw the boy who was wearing red drink from the water fountain down the hall." This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  horizontal branching 
B)  left branching 
C)  right branching 
D)  vertical branching

Question 4

All of the following are three common types of constraints on word meaning EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  conceptual 
B)  perceptual 
C)  pragmatic 
D)  semantic

Question 5

Explain the concept of generativity and its importance for language.

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

What is fast mapping and why is it thought to be possible?

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Question 7

Describe Vygotsky's view that the emergence of language reshapes thought.

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

All of the following are claims of the connectionist approach to language learning EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  like a computer, the human brain processes vast amounts of information and is made up of separate processing units 
B)  computer simulations will only be able to mimic what looks like the use of a rule if the rule is explicitly stated in the simulation 
C)  language acquisition depends on the brain's massive capacity for parallel processing or handling many kinds of information simultaneously 
D)  there are hidden layers of processing that go beyond overt associations learned through reinforcement

Question 9

Differentiate between characteristic and defining features.

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Question 10

How does parental responsiveness affect language development?

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Question 11

All of the following are true characteristics associated with Williams syndrome EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  small upturned noses, long upper lip lengths, and small chins 
B)  generally cheerful and extremely sociable nature 
C)  below normal intelligence 
D)  ability to convey meaningful content through speech

Question 12

Seven-month-olds were presented with phoneme sequences that follow a rule-based pattern, the ABA rule.The infant heard sounds like "ga ti ga." In the test phase, the infant heard new sound sequences that followed the old rule or violated the rule.The infants:

Accepted Answer

A)  looked longer at speakers emitting novel patterns that followed the rule 
B)  looked longer at speakers emitting novel patterns that violated the rule 
C)  looked at the speakers for similar amounts of time if the rule was followed or violated 
D)  did not attend to either sequences following or violating the rule after they had habituated

Question 13

All of the following are true of the development of narrative skills EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  children do not have a sense that events should be described in temporal order until about 6 years of age 
B)  children younger than 6 years often omit key events from their narratives 
C)  five-year-olds often end their stories at the high points rather than continuing through to resolution 
D)  girls usually start to use context and make evaluative comments earlier than boys

Question 14

Jane, a toddler, frequently hears imperfect speech full of false starts, interruptions, and unfinished sentences.Because she is hearing imperfect speech, some researchers would argue that this is not a sufficient basis for Jane to learn language.These researchers support the ________ argument.

Accepted Answer

A)  linguistic determinism 
B)  poverty of the stimulus 
C)  principles and parameters 
D)  telegraphic speech

Question 15

What are two limitations of behaviorist models of language learning?

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Question 16

What is a U-shaped developmental curve and how does children's understanding of past tense forms demonstrate this pattern?

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Question 17

What evidence suggests that there may be a critical period for language acquisition?

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Question 18

All of the following statements are true of specific language impairment (SLI) EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  SLI first came to light in a single family whose members were generally intelligent but demonstrated problems using particular syntactic structures 
B)  several genetic defects may contribute to SLI, including some that are language specific and others that have broader, more domain-general effects 
C)  individuals with SLI struggle to process rapid speech sounds and have this same problem with rapid visual stimuli 
D)  studies of language skills and deficits in those with SLI can help inform scientific knowledge on the extent to which language skills are domain specific

Question 19

Which of the following would be considered a conceptual constraint?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutual exclusivity 
B)  shape bias 
C)  speaker's gaze 
D)  whole-object bias

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about deaf infants exposed to sign language?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deaf infants cannot babble aloud or with their hands. 
B)  Deaf infants can only babble aloud, not with their hands. 
C)  Deaf infants can only babble with their hands. 
D)  Deaf infants can babble aloud and with their hands.

Exam 8: Language Development