Question 1

Kimberly just began a new job. In her work, she will focus on the unique adaptive behaviors of specific species, such as mating, caregiving, play, and strategies for obtaining resources. In which of the following fields is Kimberly working?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemistry 
B)  Paleontology 
C)  Ethology 
D)  Teratology

Question 2

Involvement in personal relationships and social groups contributes to the formation of

Accepted Answer

A)  social cognition. 
B)  a cognitive map. 
C)  cultural continuity. 
D)  social identity.

Question 3

Dakota has started to read short biographies of women she believes are important. She makes lists of who is most important in categories like business leader, political leader, and star athlete. Then she starts to read about the number one person in each category. Which of Piaget's stages do you think Dakota is in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formal operational stage 
B)  Concrete operational stage 
C)  Preoperational stage 
D)  Post formal operational stage

Question 4

Evolutionary psychology includes the study of

Accepted Answer

A)  the future development of behavior. 
B)  the dominance of members of species currently living. 
C)  the origins of social behavior. 
D)  the similarity of mammals in various environmental settings.

Question 5

The application of systems theory to families has focused primarily on

Accepted Answer

A)  how families determine their culture. 
B)  the climate of individualism versus collectivism. 
C)  how families establish boundaries and rules. 
D)  the impact of mesosytems within the family context.

Question 6

According to Walter Mischel's six types of cognitive-affective factors that influence behavior, which of the following best describes self-regulatory plans?

Accepted Answer

A)  A type of emotional reaction associated with a specific situation. 
B)  The ability to play a variety of roles. 
C)  The expectations one has for one's behavior. 
D)  Strategies to achieve one's goals.

Question 7

Which of the following statements would be considered an example of cultural continuity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Young children learn skills related to food preparation and remain involved in food preparation as adults. 
B)  Children are permitted to express emotions up to age 10; after age 10, they have to hide their feelings. 
C)  Only children who have gone through a rite of passage can enter a certain holy place. 
D)  Mothers and daughters dress in different colors at a funeral to depict social status.

Question 8

Kendra has been breastfed. The first time she gets a bottle of apple juice, she uses the same sucking motion she has been accustomed to using during breastfeeding. Juice floods out of the nipple of the bottle. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  defensive behavior. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  adaptive self-organization. 
D)  vicarious learning.

Question 9

__________ is a common defense mechanism used by children and adults in which they claim that a bad experience never happened.

Accepted Answer

A)  Denial 
B)  Projection 
C)  Rejection 
D)  Reality expansion

Question 10

Vygotsky emphasized the role of a culture's ________ in shaping thought.

Accepted Answer

A)  tools and signs 
B)  levels of continuity 
C)  boundaries 
D)  roles

Question 11

Elisangela's behavior patterns are the very same behaviors shared by most of her community, and they have been transmitted from one generation to the next. Which of the following does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Discontinuity 
B)  Culture 
C)  Plans and goals 
D)  Cognitive map

Question 12

According to social role theory, _____________ involves meeting perceived role expectations or balancing competency role demands.

Accepted Answer

A)  role enactment 
B)  role strain 
C)  reciprocal roles 
D)  role convergence

Question 13

Which of the following psychosocial theory concepts is most similar to Vygotsky's zone of proximal development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychosocial crisis 
B)  Stages of development 
C)  Developmental tasks 
D)  Radius of significant relationships

Question 14

In psychoanalytic theory, how is the ego related to the id and the superego?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ego is mostly unconscious, pushing the id and superego into awareness. 
B)  The ego tries to satisfy the id without offending the superego. 
C)  The superego is the commander-in-chief, the ego is the sergeant, and the id is the private. 
D)  The ego's moral and ethical principles dictate the actions of the id.

Question 15

Which of the following statements reflects an important contribution made by psychoanalytic theory to the study of human development?

Accepted Answer

A)  The role of childhood experiences can be used to explain adult behavior. 
B)  Parenting practices help shape biological sexual urges. 
C)  The foundation for sexual drives is projected to the next generation. 
D)  The unconscious is the main contributor to sexual development.

Question 16

What is the difference between a scheme and an operation in cognitive developmental theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  An operation is a verbal scheme 
B)  An operation is a mental manipulation of related schemes 
C)  A scheme is more complex than an operation 
D)  A scheme is in equilibrium and an operation is in disequilibrium

Question 17

Discuss the questions that must be answered in the evaluation of a theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the questions that must be answered...

Question 18

Gilda's professor has asked her to describe a cognitive map. Which of the following would be the most appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

A)  A map of shapes and adjoining surfaces 
B)  A combination of the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious 
C)  An internal representation of the learning environment 
D)  A set of boundaries between the self and others

Question 19

Helena is 6 months old. At what stage in Piaget's cognitive developmental theory is she in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensorimotor thought 
B)  Preoperational thought 
C)  Concrete operational thought 
D)  Formal operational thought

Question 20

A theory of human development is expected to provide explanations for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  How society and economics change over time 
B)  How people change and grow over the life span 
C)  Conflicts between ethnic subcultures 
D)  Causes of illness and health over the life span

Exam 2: Major Theories for Understanding Human Development