Question 1

___________ occurs as axons twist and tear.

Accepted Answer

A)  A convulsion. 
B)  A concussion 
C)  Axon shearing 
D)  Axonal flux

Question 2

The observation that seemingly instinctive tendencies for mammals to engage in the complex behavior of play is categorized in the specific discipline of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviorism. 
B)  Neuropsychology. 
C)  Neuroethology. 
D)  Psychonomics.

Question 3

The release of glycine as an effect of brain trauma often leads to cell death.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The production of new glial cells is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptogenesis 
B)  apoptosis 
C)  cellular differentiation 
D)  gliogenesis

Question 5

What is the difference between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between traumatic brain...

Question 6

In fMRI scans during a visual response inhibition task, only ________ exhibited increased activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate (dorsal ACC) when responding incorrectly.

Accepted Answer

A)  men 
B)  women 
C)  adolescents 
D)  adults

Question 7

Neurons deemed unnecessary after circuit formation will undergo programmed cell death known as ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuropathy 
B)  neurodegeneration 
C)  apoptosis 
D)  necrosis

Question 8

________ prescribed to children with ADHD appears to diminish the play response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ prescribed to children with ADHD appears...

Question 9

Which statement would best describe the behavior in the radial arm water task following the injection of eotaxin into young mice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eotaxin caused them to make more errors. 
B)  Eotaxin caused them to make fewer errors. 
C)  Eotaxin led to no change in the number of errors. 
D)  Eotaxin led to toxicity and death.

Question 10

Approximately ________ of adults 85 years old have some degree of Alzheimer's disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  25% 
B)  30% 
C)  40% 
D)  50%

Question 11

During early neural development ________________ facilitates the growth of axons and dendrites and enhances the probability of neuronal survival.

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamate 
B)  progesterone 
C)  testosterone 
D)  nerve growth factor (NGF)

Question 12

What statement best summarizes the significance of transgenerational inheritance that was discovered through the mechanism of epigenetics?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA mutations that occur between generations alter DNA of subsequent generations. 
B)  Life events have no influence on the genetic trends that are observed in subsequent generations. 
C)  Events that occur during an individual's lifetime can lead to changes in genetic trends across several subsequent generations. 
D)  DNA is hardwired at birth and 50% of this genetic information is passed on to subsequent generations unchanged.

Question 13

________ is also known as rough-and-tumble play.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is also known as rough-and-tumble play....

Question 14

The second stage of neural development is______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aggregation and differentiation 
B)  synaptogenesis and circuit formation 
C)  migration 
D)  neurogenesis

Question 15

The event of the plastic cap coming off the laces on old tennis shoes, leading to unraveling and overall less function, is a good analogy for what genetic element that underlies age-related decline?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA. 
B)  RNA. 
C)  Heliomeres. 
D)  Telomeres.

Question 16

The neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease are made of tau protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

More important to intelligence than the actual size of the cortical area was the ________ associated with the cortical area, especially in the frontal cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasticity 
B)  number of neurons 
C)  number of glial cells 
D)  size of the individual neurons

Question 18

What observation led to the investigation of progesterone as a potential treatment for traumatic brain injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Female rats were immune to brain damage. 
B)  Male rats do not produce progesterone. 
C)  Male rats were immune to brain damage. 
D)  Female rats recovered faster from brain damage than male rats.

Question 19

What about the brachyury (BTBR) mouse strain that suggests it might not be a useful animal model to understand autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

A)  BTBR mice show a deficit in social interaction. 
B)  BTBR mice demonstrate repetitive self-grooming. 
C)  BTBR mice lack a corpus callosum 
D)  BTBR mice show delayed approaches to their peers.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a form of play behavior seen in rats?

Accepted Answer

A)  Object play 
B)  Movement-play 
C)  Play fighting 
D)  Abstract-play

Exam 5: Evolving Brains: Neural Development, Neuroplasticity, and Recovery of Function