Aranya, a 13-Year-Old Girl Living in a Remote Village in Thailand

Multiple Choice

Aranya, a 13-year-old girl living in a remote village in Thailand who has not had much formal education tends to strongly rely on personal experience rather than abstract reasoning. A Piagetian researcher would say that she

A) has achieved the formal operations stage.
B) has not yet achieved the concrete operational stage.
C) is capable of abstract thinking but not propositional thinking.
D) has not yet achieved the formal operations stage.
E) is incapable of logical thinking.