Question 1

A school district reported elevated rates of bullying victimization as well as suicidal ideation. To combat this issue all classes are required to have counselors visit and speak with students. When surveyed again, the rates of bullying and ideation have decreased substantially. Discuss the potential issues with reliability and validity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A school district reported elevated rates of...

Question 2

Behavioral genetic studies generally involve observing

Accepted Answer

A)  two more groups of children of different ages over time. 
B)  the same participants over time, typically months or years. 
C)  associations between two ore more variables without manipulating the variables. 
D)  twins, adopted children, or genome-wide associations. 
E)  children of different ages at roughly the same point in time.

Question 3

Stakeholders are meeting together for a large grant opportunity that will provide extra educational and economic opportunities for children and families in a deprived community. From a bioecological standpoint, how might more opportunities and financial support impact individuals and families across each system?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stakeholders are meeting together for a large...

Question 4

Discuss the ways that cascading influences in one domain of development (e.g., cognition, physical, socio-emotional) affect other domains across developmental time with an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the ways that cascading influences in...

Question 5

Why did early French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe formal education should begin at age 12?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rousseau believed children were blank slates and needed time to grow. 
B)  Rousseau believed children should be free to explore the world unrestricted. 
C)  Rousseau worried about disease in schools and thought younger children should be protected from these threats. 
D)  Rousseau believed formal education would not stick during childhood. 
E)  Rousseau believed by age 12 children could evaluate the merits of their elders.

Question 6

The transition from babbling to using words can be considered an example of _______ change.

Accepted Answer

A)  linguistic 
B)  motivational 
C)  qualitative 
D)  sequential 
E)  quantitative

Question 7

A child in a remote village in Brazil may not understand basic math concepts because the language does not have words for numbers. This reflects a cultural influence on

Accepted Answer

A)  age of onset of a skill. 
B)  a child's intelligence. 
C)  qualitative change. 
D)  the form a skill takes. 
E)  stability of math concepts.

Question 8

A stay-at-home working parent decides to work full time outside the home. This will impact the child through effects on the

Accepted Answer

A)  micro and meso systems. 
B)  micro and chrono systems. 
C)  micro and exo systems. 
D)  exo and chrono systems. 
E)  micro, meso, and exo systems.

Question 9

A researcher observes children at a playground during recess. This study is designed with no interactions with the subjects. This type of study is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  structural observation. 
B)  naturalistic observation. 
C)  stratified sampling. 
D)  snowball sampling. 
E)  direct viewing assessment.

Question 10

Why might qualitative research allow for more depth in understanding a phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Qualitative research is quick, and it is easy to find participants. 
B)  Qualitative research draws out participants' experiences from their perspectives, rather than preguided hypotheses. 
C)  Qualitative research is usually cheaper to conduct than survey methods. 
D)  Qualitative research has low non-response rates allowing for more successful analyses. 
E)  Qualitative methods avoid the risk of social desirability biases.

Question 11

A researcher has designed a study that will involve obtaining frequent, closely spaced observations of children. This is a _______ study.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  longitudinal 
D)  cohort sequential 
E)  microgenetic

Question 12

A child is attempting to gain math competency to keep up with the class. According to Erikson's psychosocial stage theory, this child is experiencing conflict from which stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Integrity vs despair 
B)  Generativity vs stagnation 
C)  Industry vs inferiority 
D)  Initiative vs guilt 
E)  Autonomy vs dyscalculia

Question 13

A developmental scientist hypothesizes that children learn language at such young ages because the brain guides learning through "regions" innately dedicated to language. Which idea best characterizes this type of theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bottom-up explanation of development 
B)  Direct theory of learning 
C)  Top-down explanation of development 
D)  Active agent explanation of development 
E)  Experiential learning

Question 14

As children grow, they become more efficient at processing and storing new information. Teenagers, are known to multitask (e.g., listen to music, actively chat on discord, write a paper, etc.). If a teen is only partially paying attention to a lesson on how a plant cell divides through the process of meiosis, what would the information processing theory predict about what the teen would be able to recall later?

Accepted Answer

The answer of As children grow, they become more efficient...

Question 15

A child is overtly scolded by nonresponsive parents often. In adolescence, the child begins to form relationships with peers who demonstrate antisocial, even violent behaviors. This example demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  cascades over time. 
B)  the cascade effect. 
C)  cascades within time. 
D)  developmental cascades of adolescence. 
E)  antisocial cascades.

Question 16

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development is best characterized by which example?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child is unable to understand a new mathematical concept regardless of the teacher's help. 
B)  A child figures out how to correctly spell a four-syllable word alone. 
C)  A child counts to five, but the teacher helps the child count a few more numbers to 10. 
D)  A parent tests a child's zone of proximal development by asking his/her child to calculate 2 + 2 quickly. 
E)  Children that have reached the formal operational stage have outgrown limits in their zone of proximal development.

Question 17

A researcher wants to identify leading causes of adolescent use of vaping. Which statement could serve as a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Teens will start vaping due to initial pressure by friends and peers. 
B)  Teens were found to be unaware of the risks. 
C)  Past research reported teens perceived vaping as unrelated directly to health. 
D)  Results indicated decline in knowledge of cost to vape. 
E)  Hypotheses must be in the form of a question.

Question 18

All studies must be reviewed by an institutional scientific review board. Which of the following guidelines is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Harm to participants can only be minimal if the goal is to advance treatments for medical science. 
B)  Participants must consent to participate, and once they do, they must complete the study. 
C)  Participants should be given the list of each other's contact information for support. 
D)  If there is a need for deception, participants must be debriefed after the study. 
E)  Informed consent is not required if study is conducted online.

Question 19

The spread or variability among children in various aspects of development are called

Accepted Answer

A)  emergent skills. 
B)  individual differences. 
C)  developmental onset. 
D)  rates of change. 
E)  quantitative change.

Question 20

Danika's mom is angry on the phone, raises her voice, and yells before slamming the phone down. Later, Danika's mom sees Danika yelling at her doll for being late and abruptly pushing the doll onto the floor. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  zone of proximal development. 
B)  learned language development. 
C)  imitating evaluative development. 
D)  pretend play, a normative behavior for Danika's age. 
E)  observational learning.

Exam 1: Goals, Theories, and Methods