Question 1

Upon Cortés' arrival at the city of _________, on November 2, 1519, Emperor Moctezuma II was in a quandary over how to deal with these invaders whose depredations neither his tributaries nor his enemies had been able to stop.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chalco 
B)  Xochimilco 
C)  Tenochtitlán 
D)  Teotihuacán

Question 2

The sale of most American colonial offices by the Spanish crown ultimately led to all but one of the following:

Accepted Answer

A)  a reduction in the military cost of protecting Spain's New World possessions 
B)  a decline in the competence level of office holders 
C)  the emergence of a Creole elite able to bend the Spanish administration increasingly to its will 
D)  the decentralization of the decision-making processes

Question 3

In 1690, the bishop of Puebla criticized the analysis of the Biblical incident of ____________ by Juana Inés de la Cruz in her own treatise.

Accepted Answer

A)  Jesus's miracle of the loaves and fishes. 
B)  Jesus's initial appearance to his female followers after his resurrection. 
C)  The descent of fiery tongues at Pentecost. 
D)  Jesus's washing the feet of his disciples at the Last Supper.

Question 4

Among the gifts of submission presented to Cortés on the Mexican mainland was _________, an Aztec slave who would go on to play a crucial role in securing the success of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.

Accepted Answer

A)  Huitzilxotzin 
B)  Llancueitl 
C)  Xiuhcuetzin 
D)  Malinche

Question 5

The pattern of settlement in North America in the seventeenth century followed the trail of French, English and Dutch _________ who grew their own food and traded with the local natives for furs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Catholic missionaries 
B)  bounty hunters 
C)  Protestant missionaries 
D)  merchant investors

Question 6

Among the English colonists in North America, the first to demand participation in the colonial administration were _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  New England lumber dealers 
B)  Virginia tobacco growers 
C)  Georgia cotton growers 
D)  Pennsylvania wheat growers

Question 7

Brazil produced a total of 1000 tons of _________ in the eighteenth century, a welcome bonanza for Portugal at a time of low agricultural prices.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sugar 
B)  Indigo 
C)  Silver 
D)  Gold

Question 8

The Spaniards' primary justification for their conquest of the New World was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Christ's command to convert the heathen populations in the newly discovered lands 
B)  the search for mineral wealth 
C)  territorial expansion 
D)  scientific exploration

Question 9

The _________, a primary target of English privateers, carried silver from Mexico to China annually and returned laden with Chinese silks, porcelain and lacquerware.

Accepted Answer

A)  Santa Fe Trail 
B)  Old Spanish Trail 
C)  Acapulco-Manila treasure fleet 
D)  Spanish Main

Question 10

In Brazil, black freedmen and mulattoes:

Accepted Answer

A)  Were not permitted, since it was impossible to escape slavery. 
B)  Were encouraged by the Portuguese to establish "maroon" communities in the interior. 
C)  Were equal in percentage of the population to Creoles. 
D)  Emigrated to the Spanish colonies, where they had less fear of being re-enslaved.

Question 11

The Spaniards pioneered silver mining innovations, such as the _________ method, which facilitated extraction through the use of mercury.

Accepted Answer

A)  "arrastras" 
B)  "magistral" 
C)  "patio" 
D)  "mita"

Question 12

The overseas ministry in Lisbon encouraged the manufacture of ________ in Brazil in an effort to render the province independent from British imports.

Accepted Answer

A)  Molasses 
B)  Sugar 
C)  Textiles 
D)  Tobacco

Question 13

In the 1540s, in an effort to transition away from the encomienda system, Spain introduced rotating assignments, or _________, which established an obligation by villagers to send stipulated numbers of people as laborers to a contractor.

Accepted Answer

A)  alcabalas 
B)  audiencias 
C)  repartimientos 
D)  aduanas

Question 14

Agriculture in the New World was ___________ during the sixteenth century.

Accepted Answer

A)  A source of sufficient export revenue for the Spanish 
B)  An essential source of tropical goods for export 
C)  Dramatically extending Europe's reach into warm-weather plants 
D)  Peripheral to the economy of the Spanish empire

Question 15

Between 250,000 and 1 million Taínos were killed when the Spanish came due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Superior Spanish firepower 
B)  The Native Americans' lack of immunity against smallpox 
C)  Military raids from a Spanish-Carib alliance 
D)  A blight on the potato harvest in the 1510s

Question 16

The Spaniards would not take full control of the Inca Empire until ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1572 
B)  1535 
C)  1600 
D)  1550

Question 17

Between _________, it is estimated that Spanish America produced 150,000 tons of silver (including gold converted into silver weight), corresponding roughly to 85% of the world production and underlying the extraordinary role of American silver in the money economies of Spain, Europe, the Middle East and Asia, especially China.

Accepted Answer

A)  1492-1500 
B)  1550-1750 
C)  1500-1550 
D)  1550-1650

Question 18

In the 1540s the Spanish government introduced ___________ called repartimientos, which was a continuation of the mit'a system devised by the Inca for taxation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Khipu-calculated tax-tables 
B)  Apartments for young women 
C)  Rotating labor assignments 
D)  Tithe-based church endowments

Question 19

The English and French colonies of North America, lacking a sustainable native industry at first, moved further south in order to develop an agricultural base following the plantation system for growing _________, thus joining the Spanish and Portuguese exploitation of America's sub-tropical agricultural resources.

Accepted Answer

A)  indigo and rice 
B)  potatoes 
C)  oranges 
D)  wheat

Question 20

In the early 17th century, the French, English and Dutch started occupying smaller unclaimed Caribbean islands which they then used to launch raids on Spanish colonies in order to disrupt Spain's monopoly on shipping between Europe and its Caribbean possessions, eventually taking some of these Spanish outposts. Most notable among these conquered Spanish outposts was Jamaica, taken by the English, and _________, taken by the French.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cuba 
B)  Western Hispaniola 
C)  Puerto Rico 
D)  The Bahamas

Exam 18: New Patterns in New Worlds: Colonialism and Indigenous Responses in the Americas, 1500-1800