Question 1

The phenomenon of the Dunning-Kruger Effect is when we are ignorant about a subject and

Accepted Answer

A)  disagree with experts. 
B)  are ignorant of our ignorance. 
C)  engage in fallacious reasoning. 
D)  arrive at erroneous conclusions because of our ignorance.

Question 2

_______ is the study of value, including both aesthetic value and moral value.

Accepted Answer

A)  Epistemology 
B)  Philosophy of science 
C)  Metaphysics 
D)  Axiology

Question 3

What is the philosophical method? Have you ever applied the method to an issue in your life? If so, how did you use it? If not, devise an example to show how the method could be used to shed light on a serious question.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the philosophical method? Have you...

Question 4

Explain how philosophy can elucidate beliefs about racism. How does Lawrence Blum argue that many actions may be racial but not racist?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how philosophy can elucidate beliefs about...

Question 5

If you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false. This kind of argument is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  modus tollens. 
B)  modus ponens. 
C)  hypothetical syllogism. 
D)  reductio ad absurdum.

Question 6

What is the fallacy of the appeal to popularity? Provide two examples of its use in contemporary debates on social and political issues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the fallacy of the appeal...

Question 7

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  an argument. 
B)  the Socratic method. 
C)  the Socratic jest. 
D)  a debate.

Question 8

What is the fallacy of straw man? Provide an example drawn from contemporary politics or large ethical issues (such as abortion, capital punishment, or welfare reform). Explain why your example is an instance of straw man.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the fallacy of straw man?...

Question 9

The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  appeal to ignorance. 
B)  equivocation. 
C)  false dilemma. 
D)  appeal to the person.

Question 10

What is the fallacy of appeal to ignorance? Give two examples of how it can be used in arguing for a conclusion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the fallacy of appeal to...

Question 11

The fallacy of _______ is arguing erroneously that a particular action should not be taken because it will lead inevitably to other actions resulting in some dire outcome.

Accepted Answer

A)  slippery slope 
B)  false dilemma 
C)  equivocation 
D)  straw man

Question 12

An argument of this form- If p, then q; not p; therefore, not q -is called modus ponens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

For Socrates, an unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to the

Accepted Answer

A)  state. 
B)  justice system. 
C)  body. 
D)  soul.

Question 14

If inductive arguments succeed in lending probable support to their conclusions, they are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  valid. 
B)  weak. 
C)  strong. 
D)  sound.

Question 15

Persuasion does not necessarily involve giving any reasons at all for accepting a claim.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Any type of declarative statement is an argument.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

For Socrates, the good of the soul is attained only through an uncompromising search for

Accepted Answer

A)  what's true and real. 
B)  scientific laws. 
C)  a theory of everything. 
D)  what's physically necessary.

Question 18

The study of correct reasoning is called

Accepted Answer

A)  value theory. 
B)  cognition. 
C)  axiology. 
D)  logic.

Question 19

This argument form-phenomenon Q; E provides the best explanation for Q; therefore, it is probable that E is true-is called analogical induction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is not a recommended way of avoiding motivated reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Be reasonably skeptical of all sources, especially those that support your beliefs. 
B)  Give opposing views a chance- do not dismiss them out of hand. 
C)  Seek out alternative views and do not surround yourself only with people who agree with you. 
D)  List all of the evidence in favor of your beliefs.

Exam 1: Philosophy and You

The phenomenon of the Dunning-Kruger Effect is when we are ignorant about a subject and

_______ is the study of value, including both aesthetic value and moral value.

What is the philosophical method? Have you ever applied the method to an issue in your life? If so, how did you use it? If not, devise an example to show how the method could be used to shed light on a serious question.

Explain how philosophy can elucidate beliefs about racism. How does Lawrence Blum argue that many actions may be racial but not racist?

If you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false. This kind of argument is known as

What is the fallacy of the appeal to popularity? Provide two examples of its use in contemporary debates on social and political issues.

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as

What is the fallacy of straw man? Provide an example drawn from contemporary politics or large ethical issues (such as abortion, capital punishment, or welfare reform). Explain why your example is an instance of straw man.

The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person is known as

What is the fallacy of appeal to ignorance? Give two examples of how it can be used in arguing for a conclusion.

The fallacy of _______ is arguing erroneously that a particular action should not be taken because it will lead inevitably to other actions resulting in some dire outcome.

An argument of this form- If p, then q; not p; therefore, not q -is called modus ponens.

For Socrates, an unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to the

If inductive arguments succeed in lending probable support to their conclusions, they are said to be

Persuasion does not necessarily involve giving any reasons at all for accepting a claim.

Any type of declarative statement is an argument.

For Socrates, the good of the soul is attained only through an uncompromising search for

The study of correct reasoning is called

This argument form-phenomenon Q; E provides the best explanation for Q; therefore, it is probable that E is true-is called analogical induction.

Which of the following is not a recommended way of avoiding motivated reasoning?