Question 1

Why was gender entrapment theory developed and what does it involve?

Accepted Answer

The theory of gender entrapment was developed to understand the contradictions and complications of the lives of the African American battered women who commit crimes. It involves understanding the connections between (1) violence against women in their intimate relationships, (2) culturally constructed gender-identity development, and (3) women's participation in illegal activities.

Question 2

What are the two tenets of labeling theory (LT)?

Accepted Answer

The tenets of labeling theory are the following: (1) Some people are more likely to be labeled criminal because of their race, sex, class, and so on; and (2) once people are labeled delinquent or criminal, they may accept or resign themselves to this label and continue in crime due to the labeling.

Question 3

In their research, Sampson and Laub hypothesized that social bonds to both ______ in adulthood explain changes in crime and development over the life span.

Accepted Answer

A)   peers and school
B)   school and work
C)   work and family
D)   family and religion C

Question 4

Conflict theory proposes that we focus on ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   offenders
B)   victims
C)   crimes
D)   lawmakers

Question 5

Which approach would you use if you wanted to address the ways that lawmaking and enforcement work to the detriment of women and girls?

Accepted Answer

A)   critical legal studies
B)   feminist pathways
C)   critical race theory
D)   feminist jurisprudence

Question 6

According to Daly (1992), women who have no or limited chemical dependency or abusive partner histories and their crimes were economically motivated are categorized as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   street women
B)   harmed and harming women
C)   other women
D)   drug-connected women

Question 7

Masculinity theory holds important potential for addressing the gendered aspects of "fear of crime."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Collected data that are consistent with life course theory are considered to be ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   prospective
B)   retrospective
C)   concurrent
D)   consecutive

Question 9

If a scholar were to speculate about how people are "marked" as deviant, delinquent, or criminal, they are likely working with which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   pathways theory
B)   critical race theory
C)   labeling theory
D)   life course theory

Question 10

Critical legal studies emerged from a radical group of predominantly minority legal academics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

According to critical theories, the key to solving the crime problem is changing the economic system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The traumas included in pathways are most similar to which other theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   general strain
B)   labeling
C)   life course
D)   cycle of violence

Question 13

Which theory was developed to understand the "contradictions and complications of the lives of the African American battered women who commit crimes?"

Accepted Answer

A)   life course theory
B)   women's liberation/hypothesis theory
C)   gender entrapment theory
D)   cycle of violent theory

Question 14

Critical race theory (CRT) emerged as a response to the view that critical legal studies were limited because it was framed by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   elites
B)   minorities
C)   female
D)   right-wing academics

Question 15

Which theorist argued that assigning criminal labels to people increases the chances that they will become their labels?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sigmund Freud
B)   Frank Tannenbaum
C)   Cesare Lombroso
D)   Max Weber

Question 16

Pathways theory research is considered to be prospective, rather than retrospective.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

According to labeling theory (LT), some people are more likely to be labeled because of their race, sex, class, and so on.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Identify and explain each of the five categories of offending women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and explain each of the five...

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a transition?

Accepted Answer

A)   marriage
B)   parenthood
C)   criminal behavior
D)   first job

Question 20

According to critical theories, the key to solving the crime problem is changing the ______ system.

Accepted Answer

A)   political
B)   economic
C)   educational
D)   justice

Exam 3: Theories Part II: Critical, Labeling, Cycle of Violence, Life Course, Pathways, and Masculinity Theories

Why was gender entrapment theory developed and what does it involve?

What are the two tenets of labeling theory (LT)?

In their research, Sampson and Laub hypothesized that social bonds to both ______ in adulthood explain changes in crime and development over the life span.

Conflict theory proposes that we focus on ______.

Which approach would you use if you wanted to address the ways that lawmaking and enforcement work to the detriment of women and girls?

According to Daly (1992) , women who have no or limited chemical dependency or abusive partner histories and their crimes were economically motivated are categorized as ______.

Masculinity theory holds important potential for addressing the gendered aspects of "fear of crime."

Collected data that are consistent with life course theory are considered to be ______.

If a scholar were to speculate about how people are "marked" as deviant, delinquent, or criminal, they are likely working with which theory?

Critical legal studies emerged from a radical group of predominantly minority legal academics.

According to critical theories, the key to solving the crime problem is changing the economic system.

The traumas included in pathways are most similar to which other theory?

Which theory was developed to understand the "contradictions and complications of the lives of the African American battered women who commit crimes?"

Critical race theory (CRT) emerged as a response to the view that critical legal studies were limited because it was framed by ______.

Which theorist argued that assigning criminal labels to people increases the chances that they will become their labels?

Pathways theory research is considered to be prospective, rather than retrospective.

According to labeling theory (LT), some people are more likely to be labeled because of their race, sex, class, and so on.

Identify and explain each of the five categories of offending women.

Which of the following is an example of a transition?

According to critical theories, the key to solving the crime problem is changing the ______ system.