Question 1

The plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains significantly more genes than either C. elegans or Drosophila. Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arabidopsis has a much larger number of genes due to duplication of large segments of the Arabidopsis genome. 
B)  The large number of genes reflects a greater diversity of proteins than in the other two organisms. 
C)  Very few Arabidopsis genes are unique to plants. 
D)  Arabidopsis is the only plant for which the genome has been sequenced.

Question 2

When an element in one signaling pathway either stimulates or inhibits an element of a second pathway it is referred to as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an element in one signaling pathway...

Question 3

In which of the following organisms is the highest percentage of its genome used to encode protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Haemophilus influenzae 
B)  Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
C)  Drosophila melanogaster 
D)  Caenorhabditis elegans

Question 4

The source of cDNA used in microarray analyses is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The source of cDNA used in microarray...

Question 5

Which of the following methods would be best for direct determination of the relative level of all mRNAs in a given cell or tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mass spectrometry 
B)  Immunoprecipitation 
C)  DNA microarray 
D)  Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Question 6

Which statement below best explains why there are 64 possible codons?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are only four nucleotides and with a triplet code, the total number of possibilities would be 43. 
B)  There are 21 amino acids and each amino acid had three codons. 
C)  There are only four nucleotides and with a triplet code, the total number of possibilities would be 34. 
D)  There are only four nucleotides, yet in the double-stranded form, there are eight, thus there are 82 possibilities.

Question 7

What is best described as an engineering approach to understanding and manipulating biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synthetic biology 
B)  Biomedical engineering 
C)  Systems biology 
D)  Theranostics

Question 8

Consider two signaling pathways: A-B-C-D-E and 1-2-3-4-5-6-7. Which response would be representative of a feedforward relay?

Accepted Answer

A)  B stimulates E 
B)  B stimulates 6 
C)  D stimulates A 
D)  2 stimulates E

Question 9

In 2001, two groups of researchers announced their successful completion of draft sequences of the human genome. Which statement about these draft sequences is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The publicly funded team used a whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach. 
B)  The Celera Genomics team used an approach that had also been used to sequence the yeast and C. elegans genomes. 
C)  Both groups reported sequences amounting to five megabases. 
D)  Both groups presented draft sequences that cover only the euchromatin portion of the genome.

Question 10

Surprisingly, the size of genomes among a wide variety of organisms does not correlate with complexity of the organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The new field of science called _______ lies at the interface between biology and computer science. It is focused on developing the computational methods needed to extract useful biological information from the sequence of billions of bases of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  systems biology 100 
B)  genome wide association studies 
C)  microarray 
D)  bioinformatics

Question 12

You have two proteins you suspect of interacting with each other, but have an antibody to only one of them. Describe an experiment that might allow you to determine if the two proteins do indeed interact with each other.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have two proteins you suspect of...

Question 13

In RNA interference experiments, siRNAs homologous to known mRNAs inhibit expression of the proteins by what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  They form double-stranded RNA molecules that get degraded in the cytoplasm. 
B)  They form double-stranded RNA molecules that block the complete mRNA form traversing through the ribosomal complex. 
C)  They form double-stranded RNA molecules in pre-spliced primary RNA and prevent passage from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 
D)  They form double-stranded RNA molecules in pre-spliced primary RNA and prevent the splicing out of introns.

Question 14

The genome of the yeast S. cerevisiae has been completely sequenced and has been predicted to contain 6,241 genes. Why is this only an estimate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The genome of the yeast S. cerevisiae...

Question 15

In analyzing DNA sequences, why are regulatory regions so much more difficult to identify than protein coding regions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In analyzing DNA sequences, why are regulatory...

Question 16

Hybridization of fluorescent labeled cDNAs to microarrays of thousands of gene sequences allows gene expression to be assayed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A new method that has the ability to assess every RNA expressed in a cell is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A new method that has the ability...

Question 18

Which method requires the experimental construction of two fusion proteins to assess protein-protein interactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immunoprecipitation 
B)  The yeast two-hybrid system 
C)  Protein array 
D)  Electrophoretic mobility shift assay

Question 19

Prior to sequencing the complete genomes of a variety of species, it was thought that the number of protein-encoding genes in an organism was proportional to the complexity of the organism. What are some examples that have proved this idea to be invalid?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prior to sequencing the complete genomes of...

Question 20

In tandem mass spectrometry the unique second phase is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  the further isolation of the first phase samples by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 
B)  the purification of the first phase samples by column chromatography. 
C)  the addition of a collision based fragmentation step to the first phase sample to determine amino acid sequence. 
D)  running simultaneous samples to compare and confirm amino acid identity.

Exam 5: Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

The plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains significantly more genes than either C. elegans or Drosophila. Which statement is true?

When an element in one signaling pathway either stimulates or inhibits an element of a second pathway it is referred to as _______.

In which of the following organisms is the highest percentage of its genome used to encode protein?

The source of cDNA used in microarray analyses is _______.

Which of the following methods would be best for direct determination of the relative level of all mRNAs in a given cell or tissue?

Which statement below best explains why there are 64 possible codons?

What is best described as an engineering approach to understanding and manipulating biological systems?

Consider two signaling pathways: A-B-C-D-E and 1-2-3-4-5-6-7. Which response would be representative of a feedforward relay?

In 2001, two groups of researchers announced their successful completion of draft sequences of the human genome. Which statement about these draft sequences is true?

Surprisingly, the size of genomes among a wide variety of organisms does not correlate with complexity of the organisms.

The new field of science called _______ lies at the interface between biology and computer science. It is focused on developing the computational methods needed to extract useful biological information from the sequence of billions of bases of DNA.

You have two proteins you suspect of interacting with each other, but have an antibody to only one of them. Describe an experiment that might allow you to determine if the two proteins do indeed interact with each other.

In RNA interference experiments, siRNAs homologous to known mRNAs inhibit expression of the proteins by what mechanism?

The genome of the yeast S. cerevisiae has been completely sequenced and has been predicted to contain 6,241 genes. Why is this only an estimate?

In analyzing DNA sequences, why are regulatory regions so much more difficult to identify than protein coding regions?

Hybridization of fluorescent labeled cDNAs to microarrays of thousands of gene sequences allows gene expression to be assayed.

A new method that has the ability to assess every RNA expressed in a cell is _______.

Which method requires the experimental construction of two fusion proteins to assess protein-protein interactions?

Prior to sequencing the complete genomes of a variety of species, it was thought that the number of protein-encoding genes in an organism was proportional to the complexity of the organism. What are some examples that have proved this idea to be invalid?

In tandem mass spectrometry the unique second phase is characterized by