Question 1

Biddle et al. (2019) concluded that there was evidence for a causal association between physical activity and cognitive functioning in young people. Which causality criterion currently has no evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)   strength of association
B)   temporal sequencing
C)   dose-response
D)   biological plausibility C

Question 2

There is evidence showing that single, acute, bouts of physical activity, may have positive effects on cognitive and academic performance. However, results may be __________

Accepted Answer

A)   Goal-directed
B)   Task-specific
C)   Action- oriented
D)   Contingent B

Question 3

Tomporowski (2009) outlines key components of cognitive functioning. Which component appears most modifiable by physical activity?

Accepted Answer

A)   perception
B)   pattern recognition
C)   executive function
D)   attention
E)   memory C

Question 4

There are likely many factors that moderate the relationship between physical activity and cognitive functioning among adults. Which statement do you agree with?

Accepted Answer

A)   Exercise must be vigorous
B)   Those with lower fitness may gain more from exercise
C)   Exercise should just be aerobic in nature
D)   Short bouts of exercise are best

Question 5

'Alzheimer and other dementias' are predicted in high income countries to become the __________ leading cause of death by 2030 (Mathers & Loncar, 2006).

Accepted Answer

A)   1st
B)   3rd
C)   7th
D)   10th

Question 6

Evidence was gathered concerning cognition and brain outcomes across all age groups in updating the 2018 American guidelines for physical activity. How did they characterize the strength of the evidence regarding the association between physical activity and the reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia?

Accepted Answer

A)   No evidence
B)   Weak evidence
C)   Moderate evidence
D)   Strong evidence

Question 7

Testing the association between physical activity and cognitive functioning is highly complex. What are some explanations for this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Effects of physical activity may be acute or chronic
B)   Different forms of physical activity can vary by intensity, duration and context
C)   There are many different potential cognitive outcomes which can be assessed in different ways
D)   Tests of cognitive functioning may involve people of different ages and health conditions
E)   All of the above

Question 8

This chapter presents the results from a number of meta-analyses examining the association between physical activity and cognitive functioning among young people. How would you describe in general the size of the effect reported in these?

Accepted Answer

A)   no effect
B)   small to moderate effect
C)   moderate effect
D)   large effect

Exam 4: Physical Activity and Cognitive Functioning