Question 1

Providing examples, explain how Eccles and Roeser's conception of schooling contexts incorporates the idea of developmental timing.

Accepted Answer

Response should include a description of how changes in schooling context can both align with and support changes associated with normative development as well as misalign with them at certain points in development, limiting the effectiveness of schooling. Examples can include the impact of increased school size and teachers' roles across the transition to middle and high school, as well as the effect of daily school schedules on learning related to sleep habits of adolescents.

Question 2

Which of the following outcomes associated with school transitions has been empirically supported?

Accepted Answer

A)   Students experience similar problems during the transition from elementary to middle school and the transition from middle school to high school
B)   Children experience the initial entry into elementary school as more difficult than the transition to middle or high school
C)   High school teachers perceive themselves to be more effective than elementary school or junior high school teachers
D)   Students experience twice as many problems on average during the transition to middle school compared with the transition to high school A

Question 3

How does Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory provide a conceptual framework for understanding school as a central context for development?

Accepted Answer

Response should emphasize how Bronfenbrenner's theory stresses that humans develop within a set of embedded physical and sociocultural contexts of influence beginning with their own biological make-up and ending with the political/historical contexts into which they are born and raised. These multidimensional forces operate across time both within and across these levels of influence-biological, psychological, social, cultural, economic, and political-that link children's development to family, neighborhood, school, social, and cultural contexts.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of Eccles and Roeser's contextual model of schooling?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cognitive and social development is most effective within the context of public schools
B)   The context of schooling involves multiple nested levels of organization
C)   The study of development in school contexts is also the study of cultural diversity and issues of equity in education
D)   Acts of teaching and learning involve and affect "whole persons"

Question 5

Which of the following systems theories most directly informs Eccles and Roeser's conceptualization of schools as central contexts for development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Urie Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory
B)   Jochen Brandtstädter's Action Theory
C)   Paul Baltes' Life-Span Theory
D)   Glen Elder's Life-Course Theory

Question 6

Eccles and Roeser's contextual model of schooling acknowledges that the outcomes of education:

Accepted Answer

A)   Include non-subject matter aims as self-regulation and conflict resolution skills
B)   Cannot be separated from the goals of social and political agendas
C)   Can be directly and precisely measured by classroom teachers
D)   Are often set too high for most children to attain them

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT included among Eccles and Roeser's levels of the context of schooling?

Accepted Answer

A)   Media and advertising targeting children
B)   Groups and activity structures
C)   Teachers, instruction, and classroom climate
D)   Academic tracks and curricular differentiation

Question 8

Eccles and Roeser's contextual model of schooling acknowledges that children co-construct their educational lifepaths throughout school through:

Accepted Answer

A)   Their own agency and characteristics
B)   The influence of peers, teachers, and parents
C)   Reflecting intentionally upon errors in academic performance
D)   Involvement with co-curricular activities such as sports or musical groups

Question 9

What positive developmental outcomes have been shown to be associated with successful social-emotional learning (SEL) programs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What positive developmental outcomes have been shown...

Question 10

According to Eccles and Roeser, developmental research has found that involvement in sports is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)   Lower school dropout rates for high school students
B)   Increased rate of drug and alcohol use among adolescents
C)   Higher rates of college attendance for blue-collar male athletes
D)   Both negative and positive educational and behavioral outcomes

Exam 12: Appendix B: Sample Write-Up for Fundamental Motor Patterns Tests