Question 1

Kenneth Gergen coined the term "the saturated self" to describe:

Accepted Answer

A)  the type of self produced through exposure to more and more points of view and sources of information. 
B)  the type of self that results from having multiple responsibilities and serious role strain. 
C)  the type of self that results from repeated incidents of role conflict. 
D)  the type of self that results from being an active agent, not just a passive receiver of influence. 
E)  all of the above

Question 2

A study examined how teachers at community colleges handled retirement, finding that the unique culture of such institutions had a significant effect on how retirees coped with their new situations. Which of the following could be the title of a paper written about this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Role-Exit Process of Community College Faculty: A Study of Faculty Retirement 
B)  Role Strain and Teacher-Student Conflict: A Study of Faculty Anger Management 
C)  Role Conflict in Community College Faculty: A Study of Faculty-Administration Arbitration 
D)  The Dramaturgical Structure of Community College Teaching: Life After Retirement 
E)  Adult Socialization and Community Colleges: A Study of Faculty Teaching Styles

Question 3

What was Sigmund Freud's greatest contribution to the understanding of the self?

Accepted Answer

A)  his theory of total institutions 
B)  his use of the terms "generalized other" and "significant other" 
C)  his theory of the unconscious mind 
D)  his theory of the looking-glass self 
E)  his research on feral children

Question 4

According to George Herbert Mead, how does the self develop? Which important developmental markers or milestones does he highlight? Give examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to George Herbert Mead, how does...

Question 5

Young army recruits arriving at boot camp are about to enter which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  a total institution 
B)  an orientation course 
C)  an open institution 
D)  a technical course 
E)  a partial institution

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of socialization?

Accepted Answer

A)  to ensure that society continues to exist 
B)  to teach norms, values, and beliefs 
C)  to teach individuals how to avoid danger and defend themselves 
D)  to help physically heal traumatic brain injuries 
E)  to teach the skills necessary to satisfy basic human needs

Question 7

When a parent has to decide between being on time for work and helping his child with a homework assignment, he is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A)  role conflict 
B)  role-taking emotions 
C)  an embodied status 
D)  resocialization 
E)  ego/superego concentration

Question 8

Most of the time, individuals can count on those around them to support the version of the self that they project.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Resocialization is particularly severe when individuals are severed from their previous relations with society, and their former identities are stripped away. What sort of life change would lead to this more dramatic form of resocialization?

Accepted Answer

A)  remarriage 
B)  the start of a new job in a new field 
C)  retirement 
D)  the birth of a first child 
E)  entry into a total institution

Question 10

The social setting can make a great deal of difference in how individuals interact with others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Colleges are examples of total institutions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an altered life circumstance that will require a significant degree of resocialization?

Accepted Answer

A)  picking a college major 
B)  adopting a kitten 
C)  getting a promotion at work 
D)  retiring 
E)  all of the above

Question 13

What did Harvard Medical School researchers conclude about the effects of the media on young people in Fiji, who until recently lacked widespread access to television?

Accepted Answer

A)  Television had few effects when it was first introduced but will probably be a significant long-term influence. 
B)  The traditional culture of Fiji countered the more harmful effects of media socialization. 
C)  Television affected young women's body images. 
D)  Television increased the level of teen violence. 
E)  Television had almost no effect whatsoever.

Question 14

According to sociologists, an individual's genetic makeup will determine what kind of personality and character traits he develops in life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to the symbolic interactionist George Herbert Mead, a distinct sense of self is developed in play through a process of "role-taking," where young children learn the guidelines and expectations associated with a variety of roles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Recent research by marine biologists suggests that bottlenose dolphins have names for themselves. Scientists played through a synthesizer sounds they had identified as the names of particular dolphins (so they did not sound like the voices of particular dolphins) and found that dolphins would respond to the names of other dolphins they were related to or associated with but ignored the names of strangers. This discovery suggests a much greater degree of self-awareness in aquatic mammals than was previously suspected. If this research holds up, what does it suggest about dolphins?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have an ego and a superego as humans do. 
B)  They go through stages of socialization. 
C)  Significant others are as important to them as they are to us. 
D)  The ocean may be like a frontstage area in Goffman's terminology. 
E)  They have a sense of self similar to that of humans.

Question 17

In How Emotions Work, the sociologist Jack Katz examined how drivers, especially in places like Los Angeles, become "pissed off" and experience road rage. He argues that there are several features of both cars and typical highway traffic that can cause extreme anger in a wide range of people; this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  social atomism. 
B)  the social construction of emotions. 
C)  emotion work. 
D)  dramaturgy. 
E)  expressions given off.

Question 18

Sister Pauline Quinn's dog-training program benefits everyone involved: the dogs, the prisoners, the prisons, and the disabled. With this in mind, Quinn called the program:

Accepted Answer

A)  "part of a chain reaction of good." 
B)  "the best way to reduce crime without spending more money." 
C)  "the easiest way to help the disabled available to our government today." 
D)  "part of a larger social movement directed at shutting down penal establishments." 
E)  "a start, but only a start, at reshaping the way that animals are treated in this country."

Question 19

Imagine a child who consistently gets mediocre grades and is often picked last for a team when games are played at recess. However, he likes to make silly jokes and pranks, and he notices that people laugh when he does those things. The child starts to think that others are laughing with him, not at him. This is part of the process that Charles Cooley called:

Accepted Answer

A)  the psychosexual stages of development. 
B)  backstage. 
C)  the preparatory stage. 
D)  the looking-glass self. 
E)  impression management.

Question 20

Why is it increasingly difficult to use sociological models that assume that interaction involves copresence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasingly, interactions are characterized by conflict. 
B)  The family has taken on more importance in recent years. 
C)  Increasing geographic mobility means that individuals today meet more and more people. 
D)  Copresence requires cooperation, which is increasingly rare in the polarized political and cultural climate. 
E)  New technology makes it much more common to interact with someone without being physically in the same place.

Exam 4: The Self and Interaction

Kenneth Gergen coined the term "the saturated self" to describe:

A study examined how teachers at community colleges handled retirement, finding that the unique culture of such institutions had a significant effect on how retirees coped with their new situations. Which of the following could be the title of a paper written about this study?

What was Sigmund Freud's greatest contribution to the understanding of the self?

According to George Herbert Mead, how does the self develop? Which important developmental markers or milestones does he highlight? Give examples.

Young army recruits arriving at boot camp are about to enter which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of socialization?

When a parent has to decide between being on time for work and helping his child with a homework assignment, he is experiencing:

Most of the time, individuals can count on those around them to support the version of the self that they project.

Resocialization is particularly severe when individuals are severed from their previous relations with society, and their former identities are stripped away. What sort of life change would lead to this more dramatic form of resocialization?

The social setting can make a great deal of difference in how individuals interact with others.

Colleges are examples of total institutions.

Which of the following is an example of an altered life circumstance that will require a significant degree of resocialization?

What did Harvard Medical School researchers conclude about the effects of the media on young people in Fiji, who until recently lacked widespread access to television?

According to sociologists, an individual's genetic makeup will determine what kind of personality and character traits he develops in life.

According to the symbolic interactionist George Herbert Mead, a distinct sense of self is developed in play through a process of "role-taking," where young children learn the guidelines and expectations associated with a variety of roles.

Sister Pauline Quinn's dog-training program benefits everyone involved: the dogs, the prisoners, the prisons, and the disabled. With this in mind, Quinn called the program:

Why is it increasingly difficult to use sociological models that assume that interaction involves copresence?