Question 1

What concept explains why one type of music (consonant versus dissonant) is preferred more than another type of music.

Accepted Answer

A)   Processing fluency; the ease by which music is recognized, categorized, evaluated
B)   Innate factors; musical preferences results solely from natural selection.
C)   Entrainment determines what type of music a person prefers.
D)   Similarity to nature; the more music resembles natural sounds, the more humans like it. A

Question 2

a. Describe the connection between sexual desire and romantic love.
b. Describe the different behaviors that each motivates.

Accepted Answer

a. Sexual desire is the craving, longing, and yearning for sexual intercourse. The pleasure that results from sexual intercourse aids in the development of romantic love. This emotion motivates long-term attachment between individuals and provides the pleasant feelings that each partner instills in the other.
b. Sexual desire motivates sexual intercourse, which eventually results in children and the passing one of one's genes. In other words, couples have children and eventually grandchildren. Romantic love involves an emotional bond and motivates long-term commitment between a couple. Romantic love corresponds with the evolutionary perspective of motivation: survival and passing on of one's genes. Romantic love deals with the commitment problem. This refers to a couple remaining together for their mutual benefit and of their children.

Question 3

Combining classical conditioning with the concept of preparedness, we can probably condition a fear of which animal most easily in people?

Accepted Answer

A)   any animal, no matter what, cows, puppies, snakes all equally
B)   kittens
C)   parakeets and parrots
D)   snakes and spiders D

Question 4

What is the mismatch hypothesis? Provide examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the mismatch hypothesis? Provide examples....

Question 5

a. According to evolutionary psychology, how did "beauty" evolve?
b. What does beauty signify according to the good genes hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of a. According to evolutionary psychology, how did...

Question 6

Preferences for sweets, for good looks by men, and fear of spiders and snakes have what feature in common regarding their origins. These preferences and fears result from

Accepted Answer

A)   society's expectations; people fulfill those expectations
B)   natural selection or sexual selection.
C)   children observing their parents behave that way.
D)   observing other people when they behave that way.

Question 7

The emotion of jealousy is based on what evolutionary concerns?

Accepted Answer

A)   Each partner worrying about losing the material resources the other partner provides.
B)   A man's concern about being the father and woman's concern for survival of her children.
C)   A concern about preventing mate poaching.
D)   A concern about losing your partner to someone with a lower mate value

Question 8

Based on surveys about jealousy conducted in the United States and other countries, men are more jealous regarding __________ while women are more jealous regarding _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   sexual infidelity, emotional infidelity
B)   sexual infidelity, sexual infidelity
C)   emotional infidelity, sexual infidelity.
D)   emotional infidelity, sexual infidelity

Question 9

If you are guilty of poaching, then what have you done?

Accepted Answer

A)   You went hunting or fishing on private land.
B)   You did something without permission,e.g., consume alcohol while under 21.
C)   You did something thoughtless,e.g., told a person how bad his/her hair style appeared.
D)   You obtained the smartphone number of a friend's date so that you could call his/her date.

Question 10

What does entrainment imply? Entrainment implies

Accepted Answer

A)   evolved food preferences that determine our current food preferences.
B)   possessing the capability that is necessary for enjoying listening to music.
C)   that an infant's early flavor experiences determine his or her adult food preferences.
D)   selecting a long-term mate with whom a person is most compatible.

Question 11

What governs mate selection according to the good-genes hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

A)   Good genes govern mate selection because the genes indicate beauty.
B)   Beauty governs mate selection because we like beautiful people
C)   Beauty governs mate selection because beauty signals good genes
D)   Niceness governs mate selection because we like nice people.

Question 12

Brown's term of universals refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   how emotions are expressed differently in various cultures.
B)   the commonality of needs, emotions, and values in all cultures.
C)   the commonality of motives that resulted from identical personal histories.
D)   behaviors that serve as exceptions to general laws of motivation.

Question 13

Over time, a person discovers unique aspects of his or her partner. The person discovers that my partner has a good sense of humor, satisfies my psychological needs, is sexually attractive to me. This discovery process describes

Accepted Answer

A)   relational mate value
B)   an evolutionary match
C)   sexual selection
D)   beauty process

Question 14

What are the benefits to humans for being omnivorous?

Accepted Answer

A)   Humans prefer sweet foods, which is associated with many calories.
B)   Humans can easily learn to avoid the foods that make them sick.
C)   Humans quickly learn to like foods that provided pleasurable consequences.
D)   Humans are capable of eating whatever foods their geographic environment provides.

Question 15

What does a sense of humor indicate or imply in sexual selection?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sense of humor signals that a person is genetically fit and intelligent.
B)   Sense of humor has no function.
C)   Sense of humor makes a person standout and be noticeable in a crowd.
D)   Sense of humor signals that the person has low mate value.

Question 16

According to the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis,

Accepted Answer

A)   psychological mechanisms operate smoothly in the current social environment.
B)   psychological mechanisms motivate behavior that is detrimental to a person's well-being.
C)   people can mix and match the environments they want to live in.
D)   people's experiences motivate behavior that is beneficial to their well-being.

Question 17

According to research in evolutionary psychology, in seeking a spouse or long-term mate, women prefer their potential mates to have _________more than men prefer it.

Accepted Answer

A)   good looks
B)   good financial prospect and ambition & industriousness
C)   niceness
D)   good sense of rhythm

Question 18

a. Differentiate among human nature, psychological mechanisms, and universal motives?
b. What is the purpose of psychological mechanisms and universal motives according to evolutionary psychology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of a. Differentiate among human nature, psychological mechanisms,...

Question 19

Contrast the difference between evolutionary explanations and social explanations that are used to clarify mating strategies between men and women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast the difference between evolutionary explanations and...

Question 20

The link between taste and facial expressions of taste in very young infants

Accepted Answer

A)   is culturally defined.
B)   results from infants watching their parents.
C)   is a random connection with no meaning.
D)   seems innate, not learned

Exam 2: Evolutionary Antecedents of Motivation