Question 1

According to the text, ____________ rather than _________ is arguably the correct antonym to absolutism.

Accepted Answer

A)   contingency, relativism
B)   inevitability, acceptability
C)   realism, relativism
D)   relativism, realism A

Question 2

The primary tool for empiricism is:

Accepted Answer

A)   logic
B)   examination
C)   sense experience
D)   repeatable tests C

Question 3

Kuhn (1970) wrote that ____________ is conducted within a paradigm, which is a set of fundamental theories, assumptions, concepts, values, and practices shared by a scientific discipline that guide its view of reality.

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental science
B)   psychological science
C)   social science
D)   normal science D

Question 4

Francis Bacon was the first to radically depart from the methods of ________ and to stoutly defend the alternative.

Accepted Answer

A)   empirical
B)   realism
C)   relativism
D)   none of the above

Question 5

The credo of science itself is to question everything and believe nothing until proven beyond a/an ________doubt.

Accepted Answer

A)   shadow of a
B)   unreasonable
C)   reasonable
D)   testable

Question 6

Hacking (1999) notes that one of the main sticking points in the war between science and constructionism is:

Accepted Answer

A)   inevitability
B)   contingency
C)   acceptability
D)   none of the above

Question 7

Which of Bacon's (1620) four idols represents the errors to faulty learning and selective perception-the ideological goggles that let us only see certain things?

Accepted Answer

A)   Idols of the Tribe
B)   Idols of the Cave
C)   Idols of the Market Place
D)   Idols of the Theatre

Question 8

A meta-analysis of the MAOA-maltreatment literature concluded that the interaction between MAOA and maltreatment is not a significant predictor of antisocial behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Rationalism and empiricism are rival epistemologies, both of which stand against radical ________to claim that we can obtain objective truths.

Accepted Answer

A)   realism
B)   relativism
C)   compatabilism
D)   inevitablism

Question 10

According to the text, when _________ is applied to science, it falls apart.

Accepted Answer

A)   relativism
B)   contingency
C)   empiricism
D)   rationalism

Question 11

Which of Bacon's (1620) four idols are due to the ambiguities of language-words and concepts meaning different things in different contexts-and thus confuse our understanding of nature?

Accepted Answer

A)   Idols of the Tribe
B)   Idols of the Cave
C)   Idols of the Market Place
D)   Idols of the Theatre

Question 12

Shared environments (everything siblings shared such as parents, social class, religion, neighborhood, etc.) account for almost _____ variance in almost all cognitive and personality traits in adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)   all
B)   no
C)   half
D)   three-fourths

Question 13

Thomas Kuhn's book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1970) supported radical positions about the instability, relativity, and subjectivity of science.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The idea that there are no absolute standards for deciding among conflicting beliefs of right and wrong, and all cultural value systems are equally valid limits discussion of issues of morality and truth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

___________idealize mathematics as the only true paradigm of truth because mathematical thinking is analytic.

Accepted Answer

A)   Empiricists
B)   Rationalists
C)   Scientists
D)   Complementists

Exam 3: Relativism, Rationalism, Empiricism, and Paradigm Shifts

According to the text, ____ rather than _ is arguably the correct antonym to absolutism.

The primary tool for empiricism is:

Kuhn (1970) wrote that ____________ is conducted within a paradigm, which is a set of fundamental theories, assumptions, concepts, values, and practices shared by a scientific discipline that guide its view of reality.

Francis Bacon was the first to radically depart from the methods of ________ and to stoutly defend the alternative.

The credo of science itself is to question everything and believe nothing until proven beyond a/an ________doubt.

Hacking (1999) notes that one of the main sticking points in the war between science and constructionism is:

Which of Bacon's (1620) four idols represents the errors to faulty learning and selective perception-the ideological goggles that let us only see certain things?

A meta-analysis of the MAOA-maltreatment literature concluded that the interaction between MAOA and maltreatment is not a significant predictor of antisocial behavior.

Rationalism and empiricism are rival epistemologies, both of which stand against radical ________to claim that we can obtain objective truths.

According to the text, when _________ is applied to science, it falls apart.

Which of Bacon's (1620) four idols are due to the ambiguities of language-words and concepts meaning different things in different contexts-and thus confuse our understanding of nature?

Shared environments (everything siblings shared such as parents, social class, religion, neighborhood, etc.) account for almost _____ variance in almost all cognitive and personality traits in adulthood.

Thomas Kuhn's book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1970) supported radical positions about the instability, relativity, and subjectivity of science.

The idea that there are no absolute standards for deciding among conflicting beliefs of right and wrong, and all cultural value systems are equally valid limits discussion of issues of morality and truth.

___________idealize mathematics as the only true paradigm of truth because mathematical thinking is analytic.