Question 1

Mignot's (1998) twin study showed a MZ concordance rate for human narcolepsy of:

Accepted Answer

A)  20-25% 
B)  25-31% 
C)  0.5-5% 
D)  33-39% 
E)  15-20%

Question 2

Biological rhythms that last for around one year before repeating are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Clockwork rhythms 
B)  Circadian rhythms 
C)  Circannual rhythms 
D)  Infradian rhythms 
E)  Cyclical rhythms

Question 3

What is the effect of release of the hormone melatonin, and under which conditions is it released?

Accepted Answer

A)  It makes a person feel awake, and is released when light levels are high 
B)  It makes a person feel sleepy, and is released when light levels are high 
C)  It makes a person feel awake, and is released when light levels are low 
D)  It makes a person feel sleepy, and is released when light levels are low 
E)  It makes a person feel awake, and is released when a person wakes up

Question 4

REM sleep is sometimes referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha sleep 
B)  Hypnogogic sleep 
C)  Paradoxical sleep 
D)  Slow-wave sleep 
E)  Light sleep

Question 5

Somnambulism, or sleepwalking, occurs mainly during:

Accepted Answer

A)  Stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep 
B)  Stage 4 NREM sleep 
C)  Stage 3 NREM sleep 
D)  REM sleep 
E)  All slow wave sleep stages

Question 6

The synchronisation in menstrual cycles observed in women who spend much time together is thought to be due to the influence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Serotonin 
B)  Melatonin 
C)  Hormones 
D)  Pheromones 
E)  Zeitgebers

Question 7

It is accepted that there is a temporal relationship between the sleep-wake cycle and:

Accepted Answer

A)  Serotonin 
B)  Melatonin 
C)  Thyroxine 
D)  Adenosine 
E)  Cryprochrome

Question 8

Hormones are produced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Endocrine glands 
B)  The suprachiasmatic nucleus 
C)  The hippocampus 
D)  Pheromones 
E)  The brain stem

Question 9

The personality trait linked with insomnia is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Intuition 
B)  Harm avoidance 
C)  Introversion 
D)  Sensation-seeking 
E)  Judgemental

Exam 1: Biological Rhythms and Sleep