Question 1

The discrepancy criterion used to determine if a specific learning disability exists refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a significant difference between achievement and age. 
B)  a significant difference between intelligence and achievement. 
C)  a significant difference between achievement and grade level. 
D)  a significant difference between mental age and chronological age.

Question 2

Stanovich used the term "Matthew effects" to refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that most with dyslexia are males. 
B)  the fact that many children have unrecognized dysgraphia. 
C)  the ever?widening gap between good and poor readers. 
D)  the ever?widening gap between males and females with the disorder.

Question 3

What percentage of children will have a mathematics learning disability (MLD)?

Accepted Answer

A)  2% 
B)  10% 
C)  5?8% 
D)  3?5%

Question 4

According to Shaywitz and colleagues (2002), the main reason that dyslexics have trouble reading is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitter malfunctions. 
B)  deficits in phonemic awareness. 
C)  poor memory for paragraphs. 
D)  poor visual/spatial skills.

Question 5

Which of the following is false regarding dyslexia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Over half with dyslexia have trouble with reversing letters and numbers. 
B)  Dyslexics represent 80% of those with SLD. 
C)  Between 5 and 17.5% of school children have dyslexia. 
D)  If your parent is dyslexic, the chances of you having dyslexia is 50%.

Question 6

A researcher asks a class to complete a questionnaire for her about their classmates. Examples of the questions include: "Who in the class has the most friends?" and "Who in the class would you like to take with you on a vacation?" The type of scale that this represents is

Accepted Answer

A)  social skills rating system. 
B)  sociometric status measure. 
C)  profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity. 
D)  Walker?McConnell Scale of Social Competence and Adjustment.

Question 7

The gene called DCDC2 is thought to

Accepted Answer

A)  influence how identical twins inherit dyslexia. 
B)  disrupt normal brain circuits. 
C)  influence reading fluency. 
D)  both b and c

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the learning disorders found in the DSM?IV?TR?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spelling Disorder 
B)  Reading Disorder 
C)  Mathematics Disorder 
D)  Disorder of Written Expression

Question 9

Describe how reading differs in individual with dyslexia compared to normal readers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how reading differs in individual with...

Question 10

The DSM equates functioning "substantially below" the expected level to be a difference of

Accepted Answer

A)  1 standard deviation. 
B)  1.5 standard deviations. 
C)  2 standard deviations. 
D)  3 standard deviations.

Question 11

One of the major symptoms that can determine if a child has MLD is if the child

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrates deficits in solving word problems. 
B)  demonstrates difficulty understanding number sense (counting, estimating). 
C)  is treatment?resistant. 
D)  Both b) and c) are important criteria

Question 12

In the most recent IDEA (2004), Response to Intervention (RTI)

Accepted Answer

A)  is included as an option. 
B)  is mandated for all states. 
C)  is very well defined and provides a success?based model. 
D)  provides information about the child's IQ relative to academic performance.

Question 13

Children with NLD are at higher risk for all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  externalizing problems. 
B)  internalizing problems. 
C)  social problems. 
D)  They are at risk for all of the above.

Question 14

Wally has problems with fine motor skills like tying his shoe laces and buttoning up his shirt. However, his one joy in life is solving math problems. As a specific disability, Wally might be considered as having

Accepted Answer

A)  nonverbal learning disability. 
B)  dyscalculia. 
C)  dysgraphia. 
D)  dyspraxia.

Question 15

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  More boys than girls have NLD. 
B)  More girls than boys have NLD. 
C)  About equal numbers of boys and girls have NLD. 
D)  More girls than boys have dyslexia.

Question 16

Children with NLD may demonstrate all of the following symptoms, except

Accepted Answer

A)  clumsiness, poor coordination. 
B)  poor ability to decode written information. 
C)  deficits in visual/spatial processing. 
D)  poor ability to transfer social information between situations.

Question 17

All of the following have been cited as problems in the identification of MLD, except

Accepted Answer

A)  children may struggle with math in one grade and not the next. 
B)  we solve math problems from the right to left, while we read from left to right. 
C)  composite math scores on most tests will mask specific problems. 
D)  individuals may do well in several areas of math (addition, subtraction), and do poorly in one area (e.g., fractions).

Question 18

According to Maag (2005), Social Skills Training (SST) programs have been guilty of all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  targeting behaviors that are not socially valid. 
B)  focusing on children with intellectual disabilities. 
C)  failure to pinpoint specific skills that are deficit. 
D)  failure to demonstrate success.

Question 19

In the early 1960s, Kirk introduced the term "Learning Disability" to a group of parents of children with reading problems. Prior to this time, the condition was referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  word blindness. 
B)  perceptual handicap. 
C)  failure to thrive. 
D)  dyslexia.

Question 20

Orton's studies of children in the United States revealed all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  a genetic vulnerability to reading problems. 
B)  15% of the children he tested who scored in the average range for intelligence experienced severe reading problems. 
C)  reading problems were due to mirror reading or letter reversals. 
D)  problems were thought to result from mixed cerebral dominance.

Exam 12: Specific Learning Disabilities SLD