Question 1

When a client directs toward the counselor feelings that were once attached to a significant other, ______________ takes place.

Accepted Answer

A)  reflection
B)  libido
C)  transference
D)  trustworthiness C

Question 2

In adult development, mid-life is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  androgyny
B)  decline in intellectual functioning
C)  a sense of time running out
D)  peer pressure C

Question 3

The term cardinal trait, used by Allport in his personality theory, means

Accepted Answer

A)  a dominant characteristic of the individual
B)  a ":red flag" for counselors
C)  a highly developed value system
D)  one of five or ten characteristics that best describe an individual A

Question 4

As a new counselor in a community mental health center, you have been assigned to a client whose diagnosis is "anorexia nervosa". You would expect the client to be

Accepted Answer

A)  male rather than female
B)  middle-aged rather than adolescent
C)  extroverted rather than introverted
D)  none of the above

Question 5

Carkhuff has developed scaled for measuring the core conditions for effective counseling. Which of the following is not one of the core conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy
B)  respect
C)  insight
D)  genuineness

Question 6

Which of the following describes Roger's view of humanity?

Accepted Answer

A)  people are rational
B)  people are irresponsible
C)  people are inherently go
D)  people are externally controlled

Question 7

Lewin theorizes that an individual's behaviour is a function of the personal and his or her psychological environment, or life space. This approach to human development may be called

Accepted Answer

A)  psychosocialogical
B)  phenomenological
C)  rational-emotive
D)  cognitive-behavioural

Question 8

Glasser's Reality Therapy focuses on

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitions
B)  being
C)  actualization
D)  identity

Question 9

Counselors who consistently behave in accordance with their own values and perceptions are exhibiting the trait called_______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy
B)  transference
C)  intimacy
D)  genuineness

Question 10

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development,

Accepted Answer

A)  most fail to go beyond the conventional level
B)  moral development precedes logical development
C)  structure and content are synonymous
D)  society's rules are superior to personal ethics

Question 11

A counselor whose methods are based on learning theory approaches treatment

Accepted Answer

A)  with an emphasis on rational thinking
B)  by focusing on emotional content
C)  from a behvaioural standpoint
D)  in a holistic manner

Question 12

A childhood disturbance characterized, by withdrawal, a blurred sense of self, and obsessive self-stimulation (head banging, rocking, and so on) is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  infantile dementia
B)  hyperkinesis
C)  retardation
D)  autism

Question 13

The __________ holds that individual are essentially good in nature, with a tendency toward growth and productivity.

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic
B)  behavioristic
C)  client-centered view
D)  neo-freudian

Question 14

According to Adler's theory of individual psychology, when an individual's real self and self-ideal do not match,

Accepted Answer

A)  the reality principle becomes evident
B)  the individual will seek ego gratification
C)  the preconventional level has been reached
D)  feeling of inferiority arise

Question 15

Festinger is known for the concept of cognitive dissonance, He believes individuals

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot accept differences of opinion
B)  tend to change their attitudes irrationally
C)  seek consistency in cognitive structure
D)  reject discrepancies between the real and ideal

Question 16

Two theorists who believe human beings are motivated by needs are

Accepted Answer

A)  adler and allport
B)  maslow and rogers
C)  murray and maslow
D)  moreno and murray

Question 17

Counselors who fear rejection or fear closeness and affection may have difficulty developing ______________________ in the helping relationship.

Accepted Answer

A)  attending
B)  intimacy
C)  transference
D)  positive regard

Question 18

When working with clients, counselors need to be aware of defense mechanisms. Clients who refuse to take responsibility for their own actions or situations often attribute their unacceptable desires or impulses to others. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  regression
B)  projection
C)  repression
D)  protection

Question 19

Particular counseling activities are usually associated with their primary proponents. For example, psychodrama is to Moreno as hot seat is to

Accepted Answer

A)  freud
B)  glasser
C)  adler
D)  perls

Question 20

Counselors need to pat attention not only to verbal nut also to nonverbal behaviour. They need to be aware that nonverbal

Accepted Answer

A)  represent the client's rational state
B)  accent and/or contradict verbals
C)  are identical across cultures
D)  are valid only when they support verbals

Exam 2: Psychology and Counseling Theories