Question 1

Behavioral therapy is also known as __________ .

Accepted Answer

A) Behavioral analysis 
B) Behavioral challenging 
C) Behavioral modification 
D) All of the above

Question 2

Edward Tolman was a behavioral psychologist. His experiments with rats led to a theory that animals can learn connections between stimuli without a biological event to reinforce learning. What is this theory known as?

Accepted Answer

A) S-S view 
B) S-R view 
C) Reinforcement theory 
D) Behavioral theory

Question 3

When asked to draw a picture of a bird, Jason draws a picture of an animal with wings, two legs, a beak, and two eyes perched on a branch. It is not a specific kind of bird, but rather an average blend of what he thinks about when he hears the word "bird." Jason has drawn a:

Accepted Answer

A) Concept 
B) Prototype 
C) Category 
D) Image

Question 4

There are four distinct stages of sleep. Sleepwalking and somniloquy take place during which stage of sleep?

Accepted Answer

A) Stage N1 
B) Stage N2 
C) Stage N3 
D) None of the above

Question 5

Cognitive therapy posits numerous ways individuals are distorted in their thinking (cognitive distortions). A common cognitive distortion is catastrophizing. An example of catastrophizing is:

Accepted Answer

A) Because I woke up late for work, I will lose my job, and end up homeless 
B) Because I woke up late for work, there will be a hurricane 
C) Because I woke up late for work, I might as well just go back to bed 
D) All of the above

Question 6

What is one example of why people's memory systems are selective in nature? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) To encourage retention of positive experiences 
B) To avoid filling it to capacity with unnecessary information 
C) To filter out all the negative memories 
D) None of the above

Question 7

Edward Thorndike studied animal behavior and learning processes. He formulated a theory of learning based on his research; one component of that theory is the law of readiness. Which of the following statements is not part of the law of readiness?

Accepted Answer

A) It is satisfying to perform an act when one is ready to do so. 
B) It is annoying to not perform an act when one is ready to do so. 
C) It is annoying to perform an act when one is not ready to do so. 
D) It is satisfying to perform an act when one is encouraged to do so.

Question 8

Individuals who learn best through exposure to "the big picture" and then focusing on the interactions involved are said to prefer which type of learning style?

Accepted Answer

A) Relational style 
B) Analytical style 
C) Observational style 
D) Systematic style

Question 9

A child observed an attack of someone on the street by a man in a yellow jacket. Now he is afraid of any man in a yellow jacket he encounters. What is this phenomenon known as?

Accepted Answer

A) Second-order conditioning 
B) Transference 
C) Reaction shifting 
D) Signal strength

Question 10

Edward Thorndike studied animal behavior and learning processes. He formulated a theory of learning based on his research. The law of effect is one component of that theory. What does this law state?

Accepted Answer

A) Conditioned responses cannot be unlearned. 
B) Learning is lost through not performing learned behaviors. 
C) Responses may be altered by a resulting state of affairs in the environment. 
D) Environment largely controls responses

Question 11

Another way to refer to the cognitive distortion of all-or-nothing thinking is __________ .

Accepted Answer

A) Black and white thinking 
B) Dichotomous analysis 
C) Dichotomous reasoning 
D) All of the above

Question 12

Edward Thorndike studied animal behavior and learning processes. He formulated a theory of learning based on his research; one component of that theory is the idea of associative shifting. Which of the following best describes this idea?

Accepted Answer

A) When stimulus S is paired with stimulus Q, response R will be disconnected from stimulus S. 
B) When stimulus S is paired with response R, stimulus Q will also be paired with response R if it is paired with stimulus S. 
C) When stimulus S is paired with response R, stimulus Q will also be paired with response R if it presented with stimulus S multiple times. 
D) When stimulus S is paired with stimulus Q, response R will be paired with both S and Q if it occurs with both stimuli.

Question 13

F. Skinner spent much of his time analyzing behavior and coined the term operant conditioning. How did he define punishment?

Accepted Answer

A) "a necessary evil to motivate a subject" 
B) "the highest level of persuasion" 
C) "the commonest technique of control in modern life" 
D) "the most valuable technique of control in modern life"

Question 14

Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning. This means learning through observation of others' behavior (modeling). Common models of behavior are __________ . Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Sibling 
B) Parents 
C) Teacher 
D) All of the above

Question 15

Language development happens gradually over a number of stages of verbalization. Which of those stages is marked by the imitation of sounds without comprehension of them?

Accepted Answer

A) Word comprehension 
B) Holophrastic speech 
C) Echolalia 
D) Telegraphic speech

Question 16

Studies of memory loss and weakness as it relates to aging tend to focus on which types of memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Episodic and semantic memory 
B) Episodic and implicit memory 
C) Explicit and implicit memory 
D) Semantic and implicit memory

Question 17

Classical conditioning, also known as __________ , is the process of taking away an unconditioned stimulus, once the desired response is achieved. Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Objective conditioning 
B) Pavlovian conditioning 
C) Respondent conditioning 
D) Canine conditioning

Question 18

Sherman and Key studied the intellectual abilities of children living in isolated villages and noted that they had inferior intellects when compared with children living in more populated areas. What conclusion did they draw from this?

Accepted Answer

A) Children develop intelligence in response to environmental demand. 
B) Children in isolated social groups do not develop as much intelligence as those in larger social groups. 
C) Children develop intelligence based on factors unrelated to location. 
D) Children of lower socioeconomic status are less intelligent.

Question 19

Which is an example of the distorted thinking through emotional reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) "I feel stupid, therefore, I am stupid" 
B) If I don't get an A+, I am stupid" 
C) "He made me feel stupid" 
D) "If I don't get an A+, I will never get into college"

Question 20

Behavior therapy is largely based on the theories of __________, and __________ .

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning, CBT 
B) Operant conditioning, stimuli 
C) A and B 
D) Classical conditioning, operant conditioning

Exam 3: Cognitive Affective Bases of Behavior