Question 1

Both ethical egoists and utilitarians are consequentialists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

According to the principle of mercy, _____ suffering is wrong.

Accepted Answer

A)  all 
B)  no amount of 
C)  unnecessary 
D)  human-inflicted 
E)  unequal

Question 3

Part of what Thomson's Transplant Problem thought experiment shows is

Accepted Answer

A)  the stark difference between a utilitarian and a nonutilitarian solution to the transplant problem. 
B)  that taking one life to save others is always morally permissible. 
C)  that in life-and-death situations, murder is always an acceptable option. 
D)  transplants are immoral.

Question 4

Which of the following is a formalist theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  categorical imperative 
B)  act-utilitarianism 
C)  ethical egoism 
D)  emotivism 
E)  none of these

Question 5

Ross's Good Samaritan thought experiment is intended to show that we must always keep our promises.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

According to libertarianism, each person owns his own body and thus should be able to do whatever he wants to it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

According to the verification theory of meaning, the words "good" and "bad" are meaningless because they do not stand for

Accepted Answer

A)  observable properties. 
B)  shared sentiments. 
C)  reflection. 
D)  expressed emotions. 
E)  none of these

Question 8

The second version of the categorical imperative, says that persons should be

Accepted Answer

A)  treated as an end in themselves. 
B)  not be held responsible for their actions. 
C)  ranked according to their talents. 
D)  used as instruments to bring about the greatest good. 
E)  allowed to do anything that pleases them.

Question 9

Godwin's Fire Rescue thought experiment illustrates Godwin's view that maximizing happiness is equivalent to honoring our special duties.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What matters in ethics is developing admirable human qualities.

Accepted Answer

A)  ethical egoism 
B)  categorical imperative 
C)  subjective relativism 
D)  virtue theory 
E)  subjective absolutism

Question 11

Ethical egoism logically implies that one should always avoid helping others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

According to emotivism, moral judgments are simply expressions of emotion and thus neither true nor false.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The South American Showdown thought experiment is intended to show that morality is relative to cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

According to Rawls, rational individuals in a just society could endorse a system that distributes weal unequally as long as such inequalities benefit the least well-off group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What makes an action right is that everyone could act on it, and you would be willing to have everyone act on it.

Accepted Answer

A)  ethical egoism 
B)  categorical imperative 
C)  subjective relativism 
D)  virtue theory 
E)  emotivism

Question 16

Is the fact that an action does not treat anyone merely as a means enough to make it right? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is the fact that an action does...

Question 17

Is the fact that an action maximizes happiness enough to make it right? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is the fact that an action maximizes...

Question 18

Is homosexuality immoral? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is homosexuality immoral? Why or why not?...

Question 19

Utilitarians claim that because all values are relative, no universally valid ethical principles apply to everybody.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Egoism is a teleological ethical theory because it claims that the rightness of an action is determined by its consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: The Problem of Relativism and Morality

Both ethical egoists and utilitarians are consequentialists.

According to the principle of mercy, _____ suffering is wrong.

Part of what Thomson's Transplant Problem thought experiment shows is

Which of the following is a formalist theory?

Ross's Good Samaritan thought experiment is intended to show that we must always keep our promises.

According to libertarianism, each person owns his own body and thus should be able to do whatever he wants to it.

According to the verification theory of meaning, the words "good" and "bad" are meaningless because they do not stand for

The second version of the categorical imperative, says that persons should be

Godwin's Fire Rescue thought experiment illustrates Godwin's view that maximizing happiness is equivalent to honoring our special duties.

What matters in ethics is developing admirable human qualities.

Ethical egoism logically implies that one should always avoid helping others.

According to emotivism, moral judgments are simply expressions of emotion and thus neither true nor false.

The South American Showdown thought experiment is intended to show that morality is relative to cultures.

According to Rawls, rational individuals in a just society could endorse a system that distributes weal unequally as long as such inequalities benefit the least well-off group.

What makes an action right is that everyone could act on it, and you would be willing to have everyone act on it.

Is the fact that an action does not treat anyone merely as a means enough to make it right? Why or why not?

Is the fact that an action maximizes happiness enough to make it right? Why or why not?

Is homosexuality immoral? Why or why not?

Utilitarians claim that because all values are relative, no universally valid ethical principles apply to everybody.

Egoism is a teleological ethical theory because it claims that the rightness of an action is determined by its consequences.