Question 1

While at the grocery store,Jeremy begins to throw a fit because he wants a candy bar.His mom gives him the candy bar so that he will stop screaming.Jeremy's mom has experienced ____ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical 
B)  higher-order 
C)  avoidance 
D)  escape

Question 2

Think back to one of the many episodes of your life where you have learned through classical conditioning.Recount the learning experience,being sure to point out the different stimulus ® response components.Did you experience stimulus generalization? Has extinction occurred?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think back to one of the many...

Question 3

Andre is participating in a psychology study.He is sitting alone in a room and every few seconds,a bright light flashes in front of him.When the light flashes,he blinks.After a while,a phone rings right before the flash of light.Soon,Andre blinks when the phone rings.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  phone ringing 
B)  flash of light 
C)  blinking after the flash 
D)  blinking after the ringing

Question 4

Jon eats a hamburger that is contaminated with nasty bacteria.While eating the burger,Jon is watching an episode of the television show Small Wonder.Jon soon develops an aversion to hamburgers,but not to the television program,primarily because of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher-order conditioning 
B)  stimulus generalization 
C)  biopreparedness 
D)  reconditioning

Question 5

Stephanie has learned that if she cries after being put to bed,her parents will often return and pick her up.Crying is a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus for Stephanie 
B)  conditioned response by Stephanie 
C)  operant response by Stephanie 
D)  unconditioned response by Stephanie

Question 6

Teaching assistants are paid a meager sum of money once a month,whether they work hard or not.This type of payment plan demonstrates a ____ reinforcement schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval

Question 7

It has been rumored that campus parking enforcement officers receive a $10 bonus for every twenty tickets they write.An unnamed campus parking administrator has remarked off the record,"This ____ schedule of reinforcement keeps our officers diligent and busy."

Accepted Answer

A)  variable-ratio 
B)  fixed-ratio 
C)  variable-interval 
D)  fixed-interval

Question 8

Which is the best example of vicarious conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  After watching her friend, a smoker, die of cancer, Laura quits smoking. 
B)  A chimpanzee stacks boxes and climbs them to reach a piece of fruit. 
C)  Children act aggressively after watching a video of an aggressive adult. 
D)  You remember the layout of Disney World, even though you haven't been there in five years.

Question 9

Nic is terrified of going to the dentist office because of the discomfort and pain he has experienced before.The last time Nic had a tooth pulled,he locked his eyes onto his dentist's white coat.Now when Nic sees someone in a white coat,he becomes afraid because the white coat predicts the?experience of pain.This example best demonstrates ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning 
B)  reconditioning 
C)  higher-order conditioning 
D)  spontaneous recovery

Question 10

Which statement about cultural differences in scholastic achievement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The education community in the United States believes that the methods being used in this country are the best. 
B)  The significance of cultural differences in learning and teaching is not yet clear. 
C)  As early as first grade, U.S. students are already showing deficiencies in math skills when compared to Asian students. 
D)  Any differences in achievement are probably inherent in the students and are not affected by classroom activities.

Question 11

Carolyn knows a couple of tall people who happen to also be arrogant.Because of this,she tends to act negatively toward anyone who she sees as being tall.Carolyn's behavior is the result of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus discrimination 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  avoidance conditioning

Question 12

Explain the various types of intermittent schedules of reinforcement and how rates of responding differ for the different schedules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the various types of intermittent schedules...

Question 13

Recently,Callie's calculus TA has started having Callie's class form small groups and work on solving problems,rather than just lecturing to them for the whole class session.Callie thinks that this method of teaching makes her think more deeply about the material than when she just sits and takes notes.Callie's TA is using ____ as an instructional method.

Accepted Answer

A)  skill learning 
B)  active learning 
C)  insight learning 
D)  instructional development

Question 14

Penelope watches her mother shell a peanut before eating it.She then picks up a peanut and begins to peel away the shell,too.This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  observational learning 
C)  latent learning 
D)  higher-order conditioning

Question 15

When Imelda was young,she was fascinated by shoe commercials on TV.She was particularly impressed by how happy people seemed to be when buying shoes.As an adult,Imelda goes shopping for shoes every chance she gets.This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  spontaneous conditioning 
D)  observational learning

Question 16

Kong is scared to death of bananas and banana peels.However,he watches others eat bananas and receive a rewarding piece of candy every time they throw their banana peel away.Eventually,Kong begins to eat bananas and throw the peels away.Kong has learned this through ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  insight learning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  vicarious conditioning 
D)  higher-order conditioning

Question 17

Jane has just begun teaching Psychology 100 and wants her students to participate during class.She hopes that discussing the material,doing writing tasks,and working in small groups will help her students understand the material better.Jane is attempting to use ____ in her class.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive maps 
B)  latent learning 
C)  insight learning 
D)  active learning

Question 18

Austin is a very aggressive child who watches a lot of violent programs on television.Research has found a statistically significant,positive correlation between watching television and behaving aggressively.Based on this correlational evidence,which statement is true about Austin's aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Watching violent programs on television caused Austin to behave aggressively. 
B)  Austin has always been aggressive, and so, he prefers to watch violent shows. 
C)  If Austin's parents refused to let him watch violent shows, Austin would stop behaving aggressively. 
D)  Several factors could be influencing both Austin's aggression and his preference for violent shows.

Question 19

During every pay period that Shauna is not late to work,she gets a bonus added to her paycheck.As a result,Shauna is never late to work.The extra money added to her paycheck is a(n)____,

Accepted Answer

A)  discriminative conditioned stimulus 
B)  operant 
C)  primary reinforce 
D)  secondary reinforcer

Question 20

Gretchen absolutely loves going to school.Her teacher uses enjoyable teaching methods,such as small-group problem-solving tasks,discussion of mini-essays written in class,and short review sessions of the previous half hour of class.Gretchen's teacher is obviously taking a(n)____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  identical elements 
B)  formal discipline 
C)  teaching machine 
D)  active learning

Exam 5: Learning