Question 1

In which stage of development does a child learn object permanence?

Accepted Answer

A)  perceptive sensation 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operations 
D)  sensorimotor

Question 2

In contrast with Piaget's theories is the view that "the foundations of any subject may be taught to anybody at any age in some form." This idea is attributed to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Jerome Kagan 
B)  Jerome Bruner 
C)  B. F. Skinner 
D)  Sigmund Freud

Question 3

Proponents of the view that thought shapes language believe that:

Accepted Answer

A)  thought occurs with or without language 
B)  language shapes thought 
C)  thought cannot happen without language 
D)  language exists without thought

Question 4

Baby Hilary is 2 months old and her cousin Baby Marcus is 10 months old. Their uncle plays "hide the ball under the blanket" with Hilary and Marcus. Marcus tries to look for the ball under the blanket but Hilary does not. This is because Marcus has learned:

Accepted Answer

A)  object permanence 
B)  searching techniques 
C)  perception stability 
D)  visual acuity

Question 5

Body language:

Accepted Answer

A)  is verbal language expressing body sensations 
B)  is not a real form of communication 
C)  uses physical movements and gestures 
D)  is incomprehensible to most people

Question 6

Maggie uses phrases such as, "Allgone macaroni," "More book," and "No bed." Based on this information, you would guess Maggie's age to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  3 to 5 months 
B)  7 to 9 months 
C)  10 to 12 months 
D)  18 to 22 months

Question 7

The stress, pitch, and volume of vocalizations by which we communicate expressive meaning are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  prelanguage 
B)  linguistic competence 
C)  communicative competence 
D)  paralanguage

Question 8

Research has shown that when depressed mothers have difficulty caring for, nurturing, and stimulating their infants, the effect on the infants is that they will be:

Accepted Answer

A)  withdrawn 
B)  unresponsive 
C)  inattentive 
D)  all of these

Question 9

Meisha is 6 months old. She has begun making the following utterance: "ma ma ma ma." This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  baby talk 
B)  babbling 
C)  cooing 
D)  nonsense speech

Question 10

When a young child uses her own words to effectively convey meaning, feeling, or mood, she is using:

Accepted Answer

A)  receptive vocabulary 
B)  expressive vocabulary 
C)  holophrases 
D)  overextension

Question 11

The average child at 13 months of age can understand about ___________ words.

Accepted Answer

A)  100 
B)  15 
C)  50 
D)  250

Question 12

The belief that humans are "prewired" by their brain circuitry for language use corresponds to which theory of language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)  nativist 
B)  genetic 
C)  environmental 
D)  linguistic

Question 13

Decrement of attention refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  regaining interest when something new happens 
B)  losing interest in watching something unchanging 
C)  a description of a type of negligent parenting behavior 
D)  a particular stage of cognitive development in some theories

Question 14

Millie is watching television with her parents. They watch her favorite cartoon. When the evening news comes on she looks away and amuses herself with a doll. One of the news stories shows a clip of an upcoming animated children's movie. Millie looks up from her play and watches the movie clip. When Millie watches the clip it is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  decrement of attention 
B)  recovery of attention 
C)  instant recall 
D)  reclaiming interest

Question 15

According to Chomsky, the world's languages differ in the words they use or __________ structure, but are similar in their basic composition or ___________ structure.

Accepted Answer

A)  surface; deep 
B)  deep; surface 
C)  semantic; semiotic 
D)  grammatical; vocabulary

Question 16

The Swiss developmental psychologist who contributed a great deal to our understanding of how children think, reason, and solve problems is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Michel Foucault 
B)  Konrad Lorenz 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Jean Piaget

Question 17

While her mother is holding her, baby Dianna smiles and coos. Her mother responds by saying in a high-pitched voice, "Hey little smiley. Are you happy? Are you happy? That's my good girl." This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  caregiver speech 
B)  baby talk 
C)  response speech 
D)  parental utterances

Question 18

According to Bruner, when children represent the world through a picture or image it is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  ikonic 
B)  symbolic 
C)  enactive 
D)  play

Question 19

Grouping perceptions into categories on the basis of certain similarities is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  organization 
B)  mental mapping 
C)  conceptualization 
D)  perceptualization

Question 20

The use of short, precise words in two- or three-word combinations that demonstrate a rudimentary understanding of grammar is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  holophrastic speech 
B)  overextension 
C)  telegraphic speech 
D)  expressive vocabulary

Exam 5: Infancy: Cognitive and Language Development