Question 1

According to the Advocacy Board for the Center on Human Policy (1994) at Syracuse University, inclusion means:

Accepted Answer

A)   urging students to be "ready" to be part of regular classrooms based on social skills.
B)   preparing schedules for students with disabilities that are different from the schedules of nondisabled students.
C)   educating all children with disabilities in special classrooms depending on the nature of their disabling condition.
D)   encouraging friendships between nondisabled students and students with disabilities. D

Question 2

Briefly trace the development of special education. In what context did it appear? When? What were the concerns of those who began working with individuals with disabilities? Which categories of classes were the forerunners of special education needs we know today? Why and to what did specialized pedagogy for children with disabilities take second place?

Accepted Answer

Special education has evolved over time, with its roots dating back to the early 19th century. It first appeared in the context of providing education for individuals with disabilities, who were often excluded from traditional educational settings. Concerns for these individuals centered around their lack of access to education, as well as the need for specialized instruction to meet their unique learning needs.

The forerunners of special education needs we know today can be traced back to classes for the blind, deaf, and individuals with intellectual disabilities. These classes were established to address the specific needs of these populations and provide them with an education tailored to their abilities.

Specialized pedagogy for children with disabilities took second place due to societal attitudes and beliefs about disability. In the past, individuals with disabilities were often stigmatized and segregated from the rest of society. This led to a lack of emphasis on their educational needs and a focus on institutionalization or isolation rather than inclusion and specialized instruction. It wasn't until the mid-20th century that the push for inclusive education and specialized pedagogy gained traction, leading to the development of the modern special education system. Today, special education is recognized as an essential component of the education system, providing support and resources for individuals with diverse learning needs.

Question 3

Discuss, with examples, the basic parameters that can be used to delineate classroom adaptations to accommodate differential needs among all students.

Accepted Answer

Classroom adaptations to accommodate differential needs among all students can be achieved by considering various basic parameters. These parameters include physical environment, instructional strategies, assessment methods, and classroom management techniques.

Firstly, the physical environment of the classroom can be adapted to meet the diverse needs of students. This can include providing flexible seating options for students who may need to move around more, creating quiet spaces for students who are easily distracted, and ensuring that the classroom is accessible for students with physical disabilities.

Secondly, instructional strategies can be adapted to cater to different learning styles and abilities. For example, teachers can use a variety of teaching methods such as visual aids, hands-on activities, and auditory instructions to accommodate students with different learning preferences. Additionally, providing extra support or enrichment activities for students who may need it can help to address differential needs in the classroom.

Assessment methods can also be adapted to accommodate differential needs among students. This can involve providing alternative assessment formats such as oral exams or project-based assessments for students who may struggle with traditional written exams. It can also involve providing extra time or accommodations for students with learning disabilities.

Finally, classroom management techniques can be adapted to create an inclusive and supportive environment for all students. This can involve implementing behavior management strategies that are sensitive to the needs of individual students, providing clear and consistent expectations, and fostering a positive and respectful classroom culture.

In conclusion, classroom adaptations to accommodate differential needs among all students can be achieved by considering the physical environment, instructional strategies, assessment methods, and classroom management techniques. By addressing these basic parameters, teachers can create a more inclusive and supportive learning environment for all students.

Question 4

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-476) added two additional disability categories to those that were already present. They are:

Accepted Answer

A)   HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B.
B)   severe cognitive impairment and social maladjustment.
C)   autism and traumatic brain injury.
D)   developmental disability and occupational disability.

Question 5

Constructivist approaches are of particular importance in special education because:

Accepted Answer

A)   they maintain a balance between a medical model of treatment and a behavioral model of learning.
B)   they provide freedom to all children.
C)   they provide a framework for classroom control.
D)   they provide a framework for compliance with special education law.

Question 6

In the context of special education services for students with disabilities, "interdisciplinary" means:

Accepted Answer

A)   the integration of the perspectives of team members in meeting the needs of a student with disabilities.
B)   coordination between home and school in enforcing school discipline policies.
C)   coordination between school and juvenile justice authorities in regulating students' social behavior.
D)   enabling teachers to provide those services that specialized therapists would otherwise need to provide.

Question 7

The advent of the concept of specific learning disabilities (SLD) brought a greater focus on curricular content than on differential instructional strategy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

It is not important for teachers and parents to maintain a close relationship for successful inclusive teaching to take place.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Early interest in special education for gifted children emerged in the 1920s.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Horace Mann believed that the goal of education as preparation for citizenship in a democracy applied to all children.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In 1860 nearly two thirds of the countless "unfortunates" who languished in American almshouses were:

Accepted Answer

A)   poverty-stricken adults.
B)   immigrant children.
C)   children with disabilities.
D)   immigrant adults.

Question 12

All of the following elements of an inclusive classroom may require adaptation, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   curriculum materials.
B)   the schedule of an academic year.
C)   instructional strategies.
D)   behavior management.

Question 13

The team approach in which professionals integrate their perspectives in developing a unified plan for a child with disabilities is called an interdisciplinary approach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The concept of normalization is an idea that the lives of exceptional individuals of any age should be characterized as much as possible by the same kinds of experiences as those without disabilities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Define collaboration in the context of multicultural teaching. In what ways does the experience of Burlington Elementary School illustrate the importance of collaboration in inclusive education?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define collaboration in the context of multicultural...

Question 16

A transdisciplinary team approach is more integrated than an interdisciplinary team approach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is true of children with chronic illness?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are all eligible to receive special education services.
B)   Very few such children are enrolled in public schools.
C)   Their eligibility for special education services depends on whether their conditions adversely affect their educational functioning.
D)   They represent a large proportion of the children eligible for special education services.

Question 18

A major legal basis for inclusive education for students with disabilities is found in:

Accepted Answer

A)   the 1995 Inclusion Act.
B)   the principle of least restrictive environment (LR
E)   expressed in Public Law 94-142.
C)   the Equal Rights Amendment.
D)   the Inclusion Mandate expressed in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

Question 19

Motor difficulties and problems associated with vitality are not categorized as disabilities by The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

You may hear teachers referring to the legal basis of inclusion when discussing students with disabilities. Does the legal basis of inclusion exist? If yes, explain in what way.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You may hear teachers referring to the...

Exam 12: Creating Inclusive Classrooms: The Abilitydisability Continuum and the Health Dimension

According to the Advocacy Board for the Center on Human Policy (1994) at Syracuse University, inclusion means:

Discuss, with examples, the basic parameters that can be used to delineate classroom adaptations to accommodate differential needs among all students.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-476) added two additional disability categories to those that were already present. They are:

Constructivist approaches are of particular importance in special education because:

In the context of special education services for students with disabilities, "interdisciplinary" means:

The advent of the concept of specific learning disabilities (SLD) brought a greater focus on curricular content than on differential instructional strategy.

It is not important for teachers and parents to maintain a close relationship for successful inclusive teaching to take place.

Early interest in special education for gifted children emerged in the 1920s.

Horace Mann believed that the goal of education as preparation for citizenship in a democracy applied to all children.

In 1860 nearly two thirds of the countless "unfortunates" who languished in American almshouses were:

All of the following elements of an inclusive classroom may require adaptation, EXCEPT:

The team approach in which professionals integrate their perspectives in developing a unified plan for a child with disabilities is called an interdisciplinary approach.

The concept of normalization is an idea that the lives of exceptional individuals of any age should be characterized as much as possible by the same kinds of experiences as those without disabilities.

Define collaboration in the context of multicultural teaching. In what ways does the experience of Burlington Elementary School illustrate the importance of collaboration in inclusive education?

A transdisciplinary team approach is more integrated than an interdisciplinary team approach.

Which of the following is true of children with chronic illness?

A major legal basis for inclusive education for students with disabilities is found in:

Motor difficulties and problems associated with vitality are not categorized as disabilities by The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

You may hear teachers referring to the legal basis of inclusion when discussing students with disabilities. Does the legal basis of inclusion exist? If yes, explain in what way.