A Horizontal Marketing System Is

Multiple Choice

A horizontal marketing system is

A) an intermediary marketing system that consists of manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers in the same channel acting as a unified whole
B) an intermediary system at the same level of the distribution channel pooling resources and achieving economies of scale, thereby playing on their individual strengths
C) a large company that specializes in providing intermediary services, risk reduction through extensive information channels, and significant financial assistance to manufacturing firms
D) a Japanese family of firms with interlocking stakes in one another