Question 1

"Authoritative" parents set high standards and communicate sympathetically.They tend to have well-behaved children.What conclusion,if any,follows?

Accepted Answer

A) Authoritative parenting helps children develop good emotional control. 
B) ​The genes that lead to authoritative parenting also promote good behavior in children. 
C) ​If children are well behaved, their parents adjust their expectations accordingly. 
D) ​We can draw no cause-and-effect conclusion from these correlational data.

Question 2

How did Piaget determine whether a child understands object permanence?​

Accepted Answer

A) He asked the child to describe objects from memory. 
B) ​He poured liquid from one container to another and asked which had "more." 
C) ​He watched the child's eye movements when he moved a toy. 
D) ​He watched whether the child would reach for a toy behind a barrier.

Question 3

What is meant by a cross-sectional design?​

Accepted Answer

A) A study of several ages in several cultures, at either the same or different times 
B) ​A study of one group of people at several times as they grow older 
C) ​A study of people differing in age, at one point in time 
D) ​A study of one group of people to different people of a different age at a different time

Question 4

​Which is the final one of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
The sensorimotor stage

Accepted Answer

A) The formal operations stage 
B) ​The preoperational stage 
C) ​The concrete operations stage 
D) ​The sensorimotor stage

Question 5

According to Vygotsky,is it possible for educators to help children with the concept of conservation?​

Accepted Answer

A) No, they need to wait for children to discover concepts on their own. 
B) ​Yes, good teaching can explain this concept to any child. 
C) ​Maybe, depending on a child's zone of proximal development. 
D) ​Maybe, depending on the child's genetic predispositions.

Question 6

When might a researcher find a "cohort effect"?​

Accepted Answer

A) If a researcher compares the same people before and after a traumatic event 
B) ​If a researcher compares people who were born in different eras 
C) ​If a researcher compares people who have different hobbies and interests 
D) ​If a researcher compares people of different heights and weights

Question 7

The Strange Situation attempts to evaluate which of the following?​

Accepted Answer

A) Children's choices between a small reward now and a larger one later 
B) ​Children's attachment to their mothers or other people 
C) ​Children's understanding of complex or ambiguous sentences 
D) ​Children's understanding of basic physical principles

Question 8

Comparing people from different birth cohorts at the same time is which kind of study?​

Accepted Answer

A) Retrospective 
B) ​Introspective 
C) ​Cross-sectional 
D) ​Longitudinal

Question 9

Suppose a newborn sucks to hear its father's voice.When the response habituates,the experimenters substitute a different man's voice.What do we infer if the sucking rate remains the same?​
The newborn hears a difference between the voices.

Accepted Answer

A) The newborn prefers the sound of women's voices. 
B) ​The newborn prefers the sound of the father's voice. 
C) ​The newborn does not hear a difference between the voices. 
D) ​The newborn hears a difference between the voices.

Question 10

A researcher studies 5-year-olds and then studies them again 2 and 4 years later.What kind of research design is this?​

Accepted Answer

A) Retrospective​ 
B) ​Psychoanalytic 
C) ​Longitudinal 
D) ​Cross-sectional

Question 11

​Why do psychologists infer that many 2-year-old children have a "sense of self"?

Accepted Answer

A) When they see a spot on their face in the mirror, they touch their face. 
B) ​They speak more slowly when talking to other children than to adults. 
C) ​They pay more attention to an "informed" adult than an uninformed one. 
D) ​When they see an "impossible" event, they stare in apparent surprise.

Question 12

Many studies show a relationship between parents' behavior and their children's behavior.However,the relationship is weak for parents and their adopted children.What conclusion is likely?​

Accepted Answer

A) Biological children are more variable than adopted children. 
B) ​Adopted children are more variable than biological children. 
C) ​Rearing patterns control most of children's personality development. 
D) ​Much of the reported parent-child similarity is due to genetics.

Question 13

Research has demonstrated what effect of divorce on the children?​

Accepted Answer

A) They show academic and social difficulties at first, but not later. 
B) ​They seem fine at first, but develop academic and social difficulties later. 
C) ​The results are highly variable, both at first and later. 
D) ​On average, they develop the same as others, both in childhood and adulthood.

Question 14

An infant who shows a secure attachment in the Strange Situation is likely to show which of these?​

Accepted Answer

A) Heightened fear of failure during childhood 
B) ​Political conservatism throughout life 
C) ​Strong science and math interests in college 
D) ​Good romantic attachments in adulthood

Question 15

A 2½-year-old child sees a toy in a dollhouse room.The psychologist asks the child to find the same toy "in the same place" in the full-size room.The child succeeds if the psychologist says this:​

Accepted Answer

A) If you find the toy, you can keep it. 
B) ​The little room is like a map of the bigger room. 
C) ​It is the same room, but I blew it up. 
D) ​Most children your age cannot find it, but you are smarter than they are.

Question 16

​Of all the students at a particular college,how do firstborns differ from later-borns,on average?

Accepted Answer

A) They are more likely to be male. 
B) ​They are more likely to be female. 
C) ​They tend to be older. 
D) ​They tend to come from smaller families.

Question 17

​Which of these best describes the developing ability to recognize faces?

Accepted Answer

A) Infants are born with full ability to recognize one face from another. 
B) ​A 6-month-old shows some recognition, but the ability continues developing for years. 
C) ​The ability to recognize faces appears suddenly, at about the time children start talking.

Question 18

​When someone has social or emotional difficulties,what explanation did Erik Erikson emphasize?

Accepted Answer

A) Failure to master the challenges of an earlier age 
B) ​An unfavorable ratio of reinforcements to punishments 
C) ​Genetic abnormalities that alter neurotransmitters or their receptors 
D) ​Lack of sufficient self-esteem

Question 19

To see whether a child has reached the stage of formal operations,what might a psychologist test?​

Accepted Answer

A) How the child deals with hypothetical and abstract questions 
B) ​Whether the child understands that objects still exist when out of sight 
C) ​Whether the child understands conservation of number and mass 
D) ​How well the child can describe what an object would look like from another angle

Question 20

A researcher surveys people at one time and compares the answers for people of different ages.Which kind of research design is this?​

Accepted Answer

A) Cross-sectional​ 
B) ​Longitudinal 
C) ​Retrospective 
D) ​Prospective

Exam 5: Development

"Authoritative" parents set high standards and communicate sympathetically.They tend to have well-behaved children.What conclusion,if any,follows?

How did Piaget determine whether a child understands object permanence?

What is meant by a cross-sectional design?

Which is the final one of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? The sensorimotor stage

According to Vygotsky,is it possible for educators to help children with the concept of conservation?

When might a researcher find a "cohort effect"?

The Strange Situation attempts to evaluate which of the following?

Comparing people from different birth cohorts at the same time is which kind of study?

Suppose a newborn sucks to hear its father's voice.When the response habituates,the experimenters substitute a different man's voice.What do we infer if the sucking rate remains the same? The newborn hears a difference between the voices.

A researcher studies 5-year-olds and then studies them again 2 and 4 years later.What kind of research design is this?

Why do psychologists infer that many 2-year-old children have a "sense of self"?

Many studies show a relationship between parents' behavior and their children's behavior.However,the relationship is weak for parents and their adopted children.What conclusion is likely?

Research has demonstrated what effect of divorce on the children?

An infant who shows a secure attachment in the Strange Situation is likely to show which of these?

A 2½-year-old child sees a toy in a dollhouse room.The psychologist asks the child to find the same toy "in the same place" in the full-size room.The child succeeds if the psychologist says this:

Of all the students at a particular college,how do firstborns differ from later-borns,on average?

Which of these best describes the developing ability to recognize faces?

When someone has social or emotional difficulties,what explanation did Erik Erikson emphasize?

To see whether a child has reached the stage of formal operations,what might a psychologist test?

A researcher surveys people at one time and compares the answers for people of different ages.Which kind of research design is this?

Exam 5: Development

"Authoritative" parents set high standards and communicate sympathetically.They tend to have well-behaved children.What conclusion,if any,follows?

How did Piaget determine whether a child understands object permanence?​

What is meant by a cross-sectional design?​

​Which is the final one of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? The sensorimotor stage

According to Vygotsky,is it possible for educators to help children with the concept of conservation?​

When might a researcher find a "cohort effect"?​

The Strange Situation attempts to evaluate which of the following?​

Comparing people from different birth cohorts at the same time is which kind of study?​

Suppose a newborn sucks to hear its father's voice.When the response habituates,the experimenters substitute a different man's voice.What do we infer if the sucking rate remains the same?​ The newborn hears a difference between the voices.

A researcher studies 5-year-olds and then studies them again 2 and 4 years later.What kind of research design is this?​

​Why do psychologists infer that many 2-year-old children have a "sense of self"?

Many studies show a relationship between parents' behavior and their children's behavior.However,the relationship is weak for parents and their adopted children.What conclusion is likely?​

Research has demonstrated what effect of divorce on the children?​

An infant who shows a secure attachment in the Strange Situation is likely to show which of these?​

A 2½-year-old child sees a toy in a dollhouse room.The psychologist asks the child to find the same toy "in the same place" in the full-size room.The child succeeds if the psychologist says this:​

​Of all the students at a particular college,how do firstborns differ from later-borns,on average?

​Which of these best describes the developing ability to recognize faces?

​When someone has social or emotional difficulties,what explanation did Erik Erikson emphasize?

To see whether a child has reached the stage of formal operations,what might a psychologist test?​

A researcher surveys people at one time and compares the answers for people of different ages.Which kind of research design is this?​

How did Piaget determine whether a child understands object permanence?

What is meant by a cross-sectional design?

Which is the final one of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? The sensorimotor stage

According to Vygotsky,is it possible for educators to help children with the concept of conservation?

When might a researcher find a "cohort effect"?

The Strange Situation attempts to evaluate which of the following?

Comparing people from different birth cohorts at the same time is which kind of study?

Suppose a newborn sucks to hear its father's voice.When the response habituates,the experimenters substitute a different man's voice.What do we infer if the sucking rate remains the same? The newborn hears a difference between the voices.

A researcher studies 5-year-olds and then studies them again 2 and 4 years later.What kind of research design is this?

Why do psychologists infer that many 2-year-old children have a "sense of self"?

Many studies show a relationship between parents' behavior and their children's behavior.However,the relationship is weak for parents and their adopted children.What conclusion is likely?

Research has demonstrated what effect of divorce on the children?

An infant who shows a secure attachment in the Strange Situation is likely to show which of these?

A 2½-year-old child sees a toy in a dollhouse room.The psychologist asks the child to find the same toy "in the same place" in the full-size room.The child succeeds if the psychologist says this:

Of all the students at a particular college,how do firstborns differ from later-borns,on average?

Which of these best describes the developing ability to recognize faces?

When someone has social or emotional difficulties,what explanation did Erik Erikson emphasize?

To see whether a child has reached the stage of formal operations,what might a psychologist test?

A researcher surveys people at one time and compares the answers for people of different ages.Which kind of research design is this?