In the Current-Mirror Circuits in Fig $V_{O V}$ And the Same $V_{A}$

Essay

In the current-mirror circuits in Fig. 13.3.1, all transistors are operating at the same current and have the same $V_{O V}$ and the same $V_{A}$ . Identify each current-mirror (i.e., give its name) and give its output resistance $R_{O}$ in terms of $I_{\mathrm{REF}}, V_{O V}$ , and $V_{A}$ . Also, give the minimum voltage $V_{O}$ each mirror requires to operate properly. Give $V_{O}$ in terms of $V_{t}$ and $V_{O V}$ .