Question 1

Some __________ percent of middle-school students report being bullied at some point in their time at school, beginning as early as the preschool years.

Accepted Answer

A)   20
B)   30
C)   50
D)   90 D

Question 2

The use of inner traits to determine self-concept results from the child's increasing __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive skills
B)   self-awareness
C)   social skills
D)   conversational skills A

Question 3

Children in group care often have been victims of neglect and abuse. Many can be helped and placed with their own or other families, but about __________ percent of them will spend their childhood years in group care.

Accepted Answer

A)   10
B)   15
C)   20
D)   25 D

Question 4

In general, women who are satisfied with their lives, whether they work or not, tend to be more __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   nurturing with their children
B)   in control of their emotions
C)   aggressive at home and at work
D)   controlling of others

Question 5

How does ethnicity affect friendships?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does ethnicity affect friendships?...

Question 6

The term self-care child for children that spend time alone unsupervised is preferred over the former term latchkey child because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the term latchkey children raises negative connotations
B)   the term self-care child raises positive connotations
C)   self-care child is synonymous with independence
D)   latchkey is synonymous with neglect

Question 7

Hannah exerts a good sense of humor, she understands other people's emotional experiences, and she can effectively control her nonverbal behaviors. Once Hannah enters middle childhood, she will more than likely be considered __________ by her peers.

Accepted Answer

A)   disruptive
B)   popular
C)   unpopular
D)   unfriendly

Question 8

List Kenneth Dodge's problem-solving steps.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List Kenneth Dodge's problem-solving steps....

Question 9

Describe social comparison and downward social comparison.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe social comparison and downward social comparison....

Question 10

According to Erikson, the period characterized by a focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, and the other complexities of the modern world is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   trust vs. mistrust
B)   autonomy vs. shame and doubt
C)   initiative vs. guilt
D)   industry vs. inferiority

Question 11

In Erikson's view, children are seeking endeavors in which they can be successfully ___________. As they get older, children discover that they may be good at some things and not so good at others. Ten-year-old Ginny, for instance, comes to understand that she is good at arithmetic but not very good at spelling; 11-year-old Alberto determines that he is good at softball but doesn't have the stamina to play soccer very well.

Accepted Answer

A)   interesting
B)   industrious
C)   initiative
D)   isolated

Question 12

Give an example of the relationship between low self-esteem and the cycle of failure in an area other than academics. How might the cycle of failure be broken?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give an example of the relationship between...

Question 13

Research on the effects of same-sex parenting has revealed that children __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   have similar relationships with their peers as children of heterosexual parents do
B)   have different romantic relationships and sexual behavior than children raised by opposite-sex parents
C)   rarely experience discrimination and prejudice because of their parents' sexual orientation
D)   are more likely to be victims of cyberbullying because of their parents' sexual orientation

Question 14

Seven-year-old Kylie feels she is a good person. Kylie probably assumes that she __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is not very good at most things
B)   is very good at most things
C)   is good at some things and bad at other things
D)   has time to learn what she is good at

Question 15

Your child is now at the age where he/she is attempting to attain competence in the areas of academics and friendships. How does this relate to Erikson's industry-versus-inferiority stage? Have you observed instances in which your child has been worried about making friends or, perhaps, spending a great deal of time on their studies? Describe these attempts at competence and explain how these attempts relate to Erikson's industry-versus-inferiority stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your child is now at the age...

Question 16

Boys typically have larger networks of friends than girls do and the boys tend to play in groups with rigid status differences. These status rankings, also known as ___________, represent the relative social power of those in the group.

Accepted Answer

A)   intimidation ranks
B)   dominance hierarchy
C)   humiliation ranks
D)   status ranks

Question 17

Children with mothers and fathers who work full time spend __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   less time with their parents and more time with friends
B)   less time at home and more time visiting friends
C)   the same amount of time at home alone and hanging out with friends
D)   the same amount of time with family as do children with at least one non-working parent

Question 18

When brothers and sisters disagree, it is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   sibling bullying
B)   dominance hierarchy
C)   sibling rivalry
D)   sibling fighting

Question 19

During middle childhood, children begin to compare themselves to their peers. We call this social comparison. Have you observed your child comparing him/herself to others? How so? Do they generally compare themselves to those that are similar to them? When concrete measures of ability are lacking, have you noticed your child turning to social reality to evaluate him-/herself? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During middle childhood, children begin to compare...

Question 20

Following a divorce, children typically live with their __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   grandparents
B)   fathers
C)   mothers
D)   foster parents

Exam 13: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood