Question 1

Thirteen-month-old Clara uses the term baby doll to refer to only her doll and not to other dolls. Clara is making a(n) __________ error.

Accepted Answer

A)   overextension
B)   underextension
C)   referential style
D)   expressive style B

Question 2

According to Piaget, __________ is the realization that people and objects exist even when they cannot be seen.

Accepted Answer

A)   object stability
B)   object mobility
C)   object permanence
D)   object constancy C

Question 3

The __________ evaluate an infant's development from 2 to 42 months, focusing on two areas, mental and motor abilities.

Accepted Answer

A)   developmental quotient
B)   Bayley Scales of Infant Development
C)   visual-recognition memory measure
D)   Gesell Scales of Child Development B

Question 4

Primary circular reactions are activities that focus on __________, whereas secondary circular reactions involve actions relating to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the infant's own body; the outside world
B)   any infant; the environment
C)   the self; nature
D)   the concrete; abstract thought

Question 5

Three-week-old Alex will suck on anything that touches his lips whether it is his hand, his father's back, a cloth diaper, or a toy. This indiscriminate sucking is an example of a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   simple reflex
B)   circular reaction
C)   primary circular reaction
D)   secondary circular reaction

Question 6

Piaget's theory of cognitive development comprises four universal stages that occur in a fixed order from birth through adolescence. These are, in chronological order, __________, __________, __________, and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   formal operational; concrete operational preoperational; sensorimotor
B)   sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operational; formal operational
C)   sensorimotor; formal operational; preoperational; concrete operational
D)   sensorimotor; formal operational; concrete operational; preoperational

Question 7

Karen Wynn's research on infants' mathematical skills reveals that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   infants can add, but they cannot subtract
B)   infants can subtract, but they cannot add
C)   infants can add and subtract
D)   infants cannot add and subtract

Question 8

Nicholas was a breastfed baby. However, when he was 3 weeks old, his mother introduced him to a bottle. Nicholas quickly learned to modify his __________ schema to the different sucking patterns required by the bottle.

Accepted Answer

A)   circular reaction
B)   primary circular reaction
C)   secondary circular reaction
D)   reflex

Question 9

Which of the following activities is measured on the motor scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

Accepted Answer

A)   sits up without aid
B)   distinguishes gender
C)   notices illustrations in a book
D)   turns head to locate origin of sound

Question 10

Marcus has just moved to a new town and now must learn a new telephone number. He finds that the first three digits are the ages of his sisters and the remaining four numbers coincide with Columbus's voyage to America. According to the information-processing approach, Marcus is __________ his telephone number in a form that he can later remember.

Accepted Answer

A)   encoding
B)   storing
C)   retrieving
D)   automatizing

Question 11

The overly broad use of words, where children overgeneralize their meaning, is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   overextension
B)   underextension
C)   referential style
D)   expressive style

Question 12

For Ashley's second birthday, her family went on a trip to Disney World, but now, just four years later, Ashley has little or no memory of this family trip. Ashley's inability to remember this major family excursion is due to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   memory interference
B)   retrograde amnesia
C)   infantile amnesia
D)   proactive amnesia

Question 13

Much to the consternation of 15-month-old Sara's mom, Sara constantly calls out "Daddy" to any man she sees. Sara is making a(n) __________ error.

Accepted Answer

A)   overextension
B)   underextension
C)   referential style
D)   expressive style

Question 14

Define and provide examples of referential style language learners and expressive style language learners.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define and provide examples of referential style...

Question 15

Which measures mental and motor abilities in infants from 2 to 24 months?

Accepted Answer

A)   visual-recognition memory measurement
B)   Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
C)   Apgar scale
D)   Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Question 16

Research has found that the degree of cross-modal transference by an infant at age 1 is __________ with intelligence scores several years later.

Accepted Answer

A)   associated
B)   not associated
C)   not linked
D)   erroneously connected

Question 17

As a toddler, Michael had an impressive vocabulary consisting of words like mom, dad, dog, car, bike, chair, table, and so on. Michael's style of language use is called the __________ style.

Accepted Answer

A)   overextension
B)   underextension
C)   referential
D)   expressive

Question 18

Think about the progression of cognitive development thus far in your virtual child. Piaget noted that for cognitive growth to occur, both assimilation and accommodation must take place. Have you observed these processes in your child? Give one example of each related to your child's cognitive growth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think about the progression of cognitive development...

Question 19

Compare and contrast Substage 2 (first habits and primary circular reactions) and Substage 3 (secondary circular reactions) of Piaget's sensorimotor period.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast Substage 2 (first habits...

Question 20

The theory of language that includes universal grammar is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   learning theory
B)   the nativist approach
C)   the interactionist approach
D)   the scientific approach

Exam 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy