Question 1

While he is in a park, 15-year-old Lance sees an old man who has fallen down and cut his leg. Lance helps the man but Lance can never understand why old people who are so unstable insist on leaving their houses. They cause such problems. According to the empathy-altruism hypothesis, what likely motivated Lance to help?

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal concerns 
B)  altruistic concerns 
C)  kinship concerns 
D)  egoistic concerns

Question 2

The desire to help another with no thought of benefit to oneself is known as ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The desire to help another with no...

Question 3

During a break from working on a task, a research participant (Regan, 1971) received a soda from the confederate who was partnered with them. At the end of the day, the confederate asked the research participant to buy lottery tickets and those who earlier had received a soda, were more likely to buy tickets; demonstrating the ideas behind the norm of

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocity. 
B)  assertion. 
C)  reaction. 
D)  social responsibility.

Question 4

The situation where people look to each other's behaviour to determine how they should react in an emergency, and then assume that because others are not reacting, there is no emergency is referred to as _______ _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The situation where people look to each...

Question 5

Parents who may self-sacrifice for the benefit of their children are demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic favoritism. 
B)  kinship selection. 
C)  evolutionary genetics. 
D)  social selection.

Question 6

What can be concluded about the relationship between mood and helping behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  We are more likely to help when we are in a good mood and less likely to help when we are in a bad mood. 
B)  We are more likely to help when we are in a bad mood and less likely to help when we are in a good mood. 
C)  We are more likely to help when we are in good OR bad moods, regardless of the source of the bad mood. 
D)  We are more likely to help when we are in good OR bad moods, but only if the bad mood did not result from social exclusion.

Question 7

When people believe that their negative mood would not improve by helping others, they probably won't help.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Laney has offered to serve meals at the local homeless shelter, but when she was told that she would have to give up most of her Saturday free time, she decided not to volunteer after all. Laney's decision could be predicted by the

Accepted Answer

A)  cost-benefit analysis model. 
B)  transfer benefit model. 
C)  excitation-cost model. 
D)  arousal/cost-reward model.

Question 9

The ability to understand other people's perspectives and respond emotionally to other people's experiences is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathy. 
B)  empathy. 
C)  religiosity. 
D)  morality.

Question 10

According to the textbook, parents can encourage moral reasoning by using all of the following strategies, except

Accepted Answer

A)  encourage children to consider the perspective of other children with whom they interact. 
B)  point out the consequences of the child's behaviour. 
C)  use positive discipline strategies. 
D)  establish strict rules for behaviours with others.

Question 11

Describe how evolutionary theory explains behaviour that helps relatives and strangers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how evolutionary theory explains behaviour that...

Question 12

The ________________ says that we do prosocial acts because we are genuinely motivated to do good for others.

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy-altruism hypothesis 
B)  arousal/cost-reward model 
C)  negative-state relief hypothesis 
D)  decision-making process model

Question 13

You have been injured and are lying on the sidewalk, bleeding. Yet none of the people passing by have helped you. Describe what you could do to ensure that someone stops and provides assistance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have been injured and are lying...

Question 14

When rewards are given for helping behaviours, spontaneous helping actually decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The most consistent predictor of helping across cultures is

Accepted Answer

A)  predominant religion. 
B)  percentage of urban living. 
C)  economic productivity. 
D)  gender equality.

Question 16

How does modelling impact helping behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Modelling helping behaviour always leads to increases in helping behaviour by others. 
B)  Modelling helping behaviour never leads to increases in helping behaviour by others. 
C)  Modelling helping behaviour can lead to increases in helping behaviour by others in some cases, and decreases in others. 
D)  The relationship between modelling and helping behaviours has not yet been studied.

Question 17

According to the arousal/cost-reward model of helping, those who experience the most intense physiological arousal would be the least likely to help.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The finding that helping tends to increase when people are in a good mood is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the affect effect. 
B)  the good mood effect. 
C)  reciprocal altruism. 
D)  the "I'm happy" effect.

Question 19

During a fair, Karl sees that a man has fallen down. Since there is no one else around and Karl knows it is an emergency, he feels like he should help. But Karl has no training in CPR or first aid, so Karl hurries off instead of helping. Which step of the decision-making process model lead to inaction on Karl's part?

Accepted Answer

A)  the first 
B)  the second 
C)  the third 
D)  the fourth

Question 20

Any behaviour that has the goal of helping another person is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  prosocial behaviour. 
B)  altruism. 
C)  reciprocal behaviour. 
D)  moral behaviour.

Exam 13: Altruism and Prosocial Behaviour

The desire to help another with no thought of benefit to oneself is known as ___________.

The situation where people look to each other's behaviour to determine how they should react in an emergency, and then assume that because others are not reacting, there is no emergency is referred to as _ _.

Parents who may self-sacrifice for the benefit of their children are demonstrating

What can be concluded about the relationship between mood and helping behaviour?

When people believe that their negative mood would not improve by helping others, they probably won't help.

Laney has offered to serve meals at the local homeless shelter, but when she was told that she would have to give up most of her Saturday free time, she decided not to volunteer after all. Laney's decision could be predicted by the

The ability to understand other people's perspectives and respond emotionally to other people's experiences is referred to as

According to the textbook, parents can encourage moral reasoning by using all of the following strategies, except

Describe how evolutionary theory explains behaviour that helps relatives and strangers.

The ________________ says that we do prosocial acts because we are genuinely motivated to do good for others.

You have been injured and are lying on the sidewalk, bleeding. Yet none of the people passing by have helped you. Describe what you could do to ensure that someone stops and provides assistance.

When rewards are given for helping behaviours, spontaneous helping actually decreases.

The most consistent predictor of helping across cultures is

How does modelling impact helping behaviour?

According to the arousal/cost-reward model of helping, those who experience the most intense physiological arousal would be the least likely to help.

The finding that helping tends to increase when people are in a good mood is called

Any behaviour that has the goal of helping another person is referred to as