Question 1

The Information-Processing approach argues that there are a number of variables that affect cognitive development. What are those variables? Discuss each briefly.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Information-Processing approach argues that there are...

Question 2

The most commonly observed attachment pattern around the world is:

Accepted Answer

A)  disorganized 
B)  ambivalent 
C)  insecure 
D)  secure

Question 3

If one wants to know how development occurs beyond early adulthood, one must look to Erik Erikson. What were his stages of development that related to adults? Do you think he is missing anything? Does his theory explain you, for example? If not, what needs to be added?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If one wants to know how development...

Question 4

Of the following ages, which one will, all other things being equal, react fastest when a traffic light turns green?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  30 
C)  40 
D)  50

Question 5

If one were to do a longitudinal experiment, it would most likely reveal that, for most people, significant mental declines:

Accepted Answer

A)  occur about the age of 50 
B)  occur about the age of 60 
C)  occur about the age of 70 
D)  do not occur

Question 6

Those individuals with a(an) _____ attachment style behave in contradictory ways, indicating helpless efforts to elicit soothing responses from the attachment figure.

Accepted Answer

A)  disorganized 
B)  ambivalent 
C)  insecure 
D)  avoidant

Question 7

A variable involved in cognitive development is metacognition, which is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the process of executing mental processes with increasing efficiency 
B)  the accumulated knowledge already in long-term memory 
C)  thinking about thinking 
D)  interpreting actions or events in terms of one's existing structures of knowledge

Question 8

According to your textbook, the percentage of the population that experiences age-related dementia is about

Accepted Answer

A)  5% 
B)  20% 
C)  40% 
D)  80%

Question 9

Children with _____attachments often seem relatively unfazed by their mother's departure.

Accepted Answer

A)  disorganized 
B)  securely attached 
C)  ambivalent 
D)  avoidant

Question 10

My young son asks me what is wrong and I tell him I had a long, hard day. He walks away and comes back and gives me his favorite blanket to cheer me up. It worked. My son is displaying what psychologists refer to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathy 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  empathic distress 
D)  condolence

Question 11

A friend of mine is absolutely amazed at how we change both physically and mentally throughout our lifetime. My friend should become a _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  developmental 
B)  maturational 
C)  transformational 
D)  Piagetian

Question 12

The ability to continuously add to one's knowledge base throughout life is believed to be tied to:

Accepted Answer

A)  health 
B)  diet 
C)  culture 
D)  all of the above

Question 13

My sister has three children and our parents were divorced when I was 6 and she was 3. Based on the research involving adult attachment styles, what should be expected of her children in terms of attachment style? They are more likely to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidant 
B)  disorganized 
C)  ambivalent 
D)  insecure

Question 14

The notion of stages assumes that, as development occurs, the person changes:

Accepted Answer

A)  quantitatively 
B)  qualitatively 
C)  predictably 
D)  both a and b

Question 15

I believe that one's capability to feel love is greatly based on the experiences a person has growing up, particularly from 4-6 years of age. I also think that there are experiences subsequent in time that can affect the development of the feeling of love. Those experiences, however, are not nearly as powerful as the 4-6 age range. I am arguing for:

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitive periods 
B)  critical periods 
C)  development constraints 
D)  behavioral invariance

Question 16

Your book describes the speaking style of "motherese", which is characterized by exaggerated intonation, a slow rate of speech, and high pitch. Motherese is important to help infants

Accepted Answer

A)  learn the rules of intonation in spoken language 
B)  recognize where phrases and sentences begin and end 
C)  hear the relevant phonemes of the native language 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

Your textbook shows a picture of the three-mountain task, in which a stuffed animal is looking at the mountains at a different angle from the child. As a child goes through the sensorimotor stage, they would gain the ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  recognize that an object obscured by the mountains still exists in time and space 
B)  see the mountains as abstract representations of actual objects in the world 
C)  recognize that the stuffed animal has a different perspective from the child 
D)  perform operations with the stuffed animal

Question 18

Your authors state that prosocial behavior is fostered by:

Accepted Answer