Question 1

Leetia is 2 months old. She is crying throughout the day for several hours at a time. Nothing her parents do for her seems to help. Leetia most probably developed

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to stay awake when she should be sleeping. 
B)  a rooting behavior. 
C)  a stubborn temperament. 
D)  colic.

Question 2

David has been ill for some time. His weight is about 60% of the norm for his age. There has been a widespread famine in his region, and his parents have a minimal amount of food for the family. The UN care workers are also fearful that David has suffered neurological damage from caloric deficiency. Which of the following diseases best characterizes David?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kwashiorkor 
B)  Micronutrient malnutrition 
C)  Marasmus 
D)  Macronutrient malnutrition

Question 3

Julie takes her son Juan for his first physical at 1 month. The physician checks Juan's adaptive reflexes and finds that several have weak responses. The physician suggests more assessment as weak reflexes can be a sign of

Accepted Answer

A)  neurological concerns. 
B)  vision problems. 
C)  poor parenting. 
D)  lack of stimulation.

Question 4

______is the theory that states that development is due to a complex interaction between inborn genetic plans and the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Interactionism 
B)  Biological determinism 
C)  Nativism 
D)  Dynamic systems

Question 5

______during the first trimester increases the risk of infant mortality.

Accepted Answer

A)  Immigration 
B)  Cold weather 
C)  Lack of prenatal care 
D)  Vitamins

Question 6

The _________ was employed by Gibson and Walk to study depth perception in infants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _________ was employed by Gibson and...

Question 7

The ability of 1-month-old infants to see______ is almost identical to that of adults.

Accepted Answer

A)  distance 
B)  faces 
C)  depth 
D)  color

Question 8

Universals in the sequence for motor development offer support for the idea that______Exist for physical maturation.

Accepted Answer

A)  inborn biological schedules 
B)  differences in rates 
C)  females develop faster than males 
D)  developmental disabilities differences

Question 9

______reflexes are important for survival.

Accepted Answer

A)  Primitive 
B)  Survival 
C)  Reticular 
D)  Adaptive

Question 10

During the first year of life, the brain and nervous system grow very quickly. Define the following processes of brain development in infancy: synaptogenesis, pruning, plasticity, myelinization. What role does the environment play in brain development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the first year of life, the...

Question 11

The effects of damage in an infant's brain caused by alcohol during pregnancy may be reduced by

Accepted Answer

A)  a stimulating environment. 
B)  an impoverished diet. 
C)  watching TV. 
D)  massage.

Question 12

Olive's son Jarrod is 12 months old. Olive is very timid and she is terrified that Jarrod might fall down the stairs. Therefore, Olive keeps Jarrod in the playpen unless he is in his crib or highchair. Which of the following statements concerning Jarrod's motor development would be supported by dynamic systems theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Olive is correct. Keep Jarrod in the playpen to avoid accidents. 
B)  Olive is correct. Only the genetic plan is necessary for motor development. 
C)  Olive should allow Jarrod opportunities for motor development outside of the playpen as experience is necessary for motor development. 
D)  Olive has greatly inhibited Jarrod's physical development as experience is the only essential factor in motor development.

Question 13

The rate of full immunization of children in the United States rose from 55% in 1992 to 90% in 1999. The main reason for this rise is

Accepted Answer

A)  pediatrician demand. 
B)  the increase effectiveness of immunizations. 
C)  a federally-funded media campaign. 
D)  Forced immunization programs.

Question 14

Neonates can see 8-12 inches. This is approximately the range from the neonate's eyes to the caregiver's face. This would support which of the following theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethology 
B)  Sociobiology 
C)  Bioecological 
D)  Social-cultural

Question 15

______is the unexpected death of a healthy infant after the first month of age from no apparent cause.

Accepted Answer

A)  Infant mortality 
B)  Infant fatality 
C)  Sudden infant death syndrome 
D)  Marasmus

Question 16

Myelinization occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  through infancy. 
B)  until age 7. 
C)  through childhood and adolescence. 
D)  only in the neonatal period.

Question 17

The neonate is born with two types of reflexes. Define and present two examples of each type.For each example, characterize its developmental pattern. How are reflexes essential to the survival of a neonate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The neonate is born with two types...

Question 18

Researchers employ a number of techniques to investigate the perceptual capabilities of neonates and infants. Present two of these research methods. What type of information do they provide?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers employ a number of techniques to...

Question 19

______is responsible for the increase in the ability of infants to be awake and alert.

Accepted Answer

A)  Environmental stimulation 
B)  Sufficient lighting 
C)  Parental demands 
D)  Neurological development

Question 20

The________ is the least developed area of the brain at birth.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex 
B)  medulla 
C)  spinal cord 
D)  midbrain

Exam 4: Physical Development and Health in Infancy and Toddlerhood