Question 1

Both ______are involved in parental expectations for children "sleeping through the night."

Accepted Answer

A)  the child's age and culture 
B)  the child's age and the parents' ages 
C)  medical advice and the parents' ages 
D)  the home setting and culture

Question 2

Parents of young infants who are concerned about food allergies should ______to identify any possible allergies.

Accepted Answer

A)  introduce only one new food a week 
B)  continue with rice cereal until 7 months 
C)  have their infant tested as soon as possible 
D)  omit any new food refused by their infant

Question 3

______is the process of bone hardening, which is essential for motor development.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cephalocaudal pattern 
B)  Proximodistal pattern 
C)  Myelinization 
D)  Ossification

Question 4

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death among infants between 1 month and 1 year. The basic causes of SIDS have not yet been discovered. A number of risk factors have been discovered. Present five factors that are correlated with the possibility of SIDS. Provide two recommendations the medical profession gives to parents who may be concerned about SIDS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the...

Question 5

The cycle of synaptogenesis and pruning occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  until age 2. 
B)  until age 15. 
C)  until the end of puberty. 
D)  throughout the lifespan.

Question 6

Provide a definition of gross and fine motor skills. Provide two examples for each type. What insight do cross-cultural studies provide for the explanation for motor development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide a definition of gross and fine...

Question 7

Jane is 5 years old. Her sister, Gretchen, is 12. They are watching a movie in the living room. Jane's attention to the movie wanes and she frequently leaves the couch and plays with her other toys. Gretchen, however, remains glued to the movie. This difference in attention is most likely due to increased myelinization of the______ with age.

Accepted Answer

A)  hippocampus 
B)  medulla 
C)  spinal cord 
D)  reticular formation

Question 8

Geena is 3-months old. Geena is participating in a facial recognition study. Geena is most likely to focus on the ______of the face.

Accepted Answer

A)  hairline 
B)  light-dark contrast 
C)  mouth 
D)  eyes

Question 9

Two-month old Peter is participating in a visual perception study. Every time Peter kicks his feet up to a presented face, he hears a tape of his mother saying a nursery rhyme. After a number of repeated trials, the presented face is altered. Peter's kicking response is then measured. This is an example of which of the following research methods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preference technique 
B)  Habituation 
C)  Visual Attention 
D)  Operant conditioning

Question 10

_________ are in-born responses which assist neonates in surviving.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ are in-born responses which assist neonates...

Question 11

Which of the following best represents the current understanding of immunization against diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immunizations should begin in infancy, continue through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood to be most effective. 
B)  Immunizations which begin at adolescence can provide the most effective protection. 
C)  Immunizations have improved greatly in the past decade and only need to occur in childhood. 
D)  Immunizations actually cause many diseases and should be avoided.

Question 12

Baby Maria is 8 months old. Which of the following primitive reflexes can still be elicited?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tonic neck 
B)  Babinski 
C)  Walking 
D)  Grasping

Question 13

Research by Steiner indicates that neonates respond positively to which of the following flavors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Salt 
B)  Sweet 
C)  Bitter 
D)  Sour

Question 14

Eighty percent of the time neonates are

Accepted Answer

A)  crying. 
B)  alert and moving. 
C)  awake. 
D)  sleeping.

Question 15

Research by DeCasper and Fifer (1980) found that infants prefer the voice of

Accepted Answer

A)  females. 
B)  high-pitched voices. 
C)  their mothers. 
D)  their fathers.

Question 16

There are three theories to explain perceptual development. Briefly discuss each one by presenting their major idea. State evidence to support each one.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are three theories to explain perceptual...

Question 17

Bernardo can sit up without any assistance. He also can grasp objects intentionally. How old is Bernardo?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 months old 
B)  4 months old 
C)  6 months old 
D)  8 months old

Question 18

Regina and Erasmus were married for five years. They entered counseling last year after the unexpected death of their son, Jonah, at three months of age. Jonah's death most likely was classified as

Accepted Answer

A)  infant fatality. 
B)  sudden infant death syndrome. 
C)  due to a heart defect. 
D)  low birth weight.

Question 19

______are involuntary muscle reactions to a certain type of stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Perceptual patterns 
B)  Reflexes 
C)  Gross motor skills 
D)  Intermodal perception capabilities

Question 20

The auditory acuity of newborns is akin to adults except for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Whispers 
B)  Shouts 
C)  Low-pitch sounds 
D)  High-pitched sounds

Exam 4: Physical Development and Health in Infancy and Toddlerhood