Question 1

Which of the following phenomena is a perceptual bias that can affect organizational behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   the halo effect
B)   group polarization
C)   risky shift
D)   groupthink A

Question 2

In their study of the communication styles of American and British managers working in the United Kingdom,Dunkerley and Robinson (2002)found that

Accepted Answer

A)   the managers from both countries believed the foreign managers' communication style was superior
B)   the British managers' style was more direct and task focused while the American managers' style was more circuitous, cautious, and focused on maintaining the work relationship
C)   the communication styles of managers from each country tended to become similar over time
D)   both parties' conceptual filters influenced the information they attended to and deemed important D

Question 3

According to ______ theory,group polarization occurs when most of the arguments the group members hear favor one position over another.

Accepted Answer

A)   groupthink
B)   informational influence
C)   normative influence
D)   persuasive arguments D

Question 4

Research on the relationship between the occurrence of the representativeness heuristic and decision making has found that

Accepted Answer

A)   individuals are more likely to exhibit the representativeness heuristic than are groups
B)   individuals and groups are equally likely to exhibit the representativeness heuristic
C)   groups are more likely to exhibit the representativeness heuristic than are individuals
D)   neither groups nor individuals are likely to exhibit the representativeness heuristic

Question 5

______ is the process of selecting and interpreting information about how we view ourselves and others.

Accepted Answer

A)   Selective perception
B)   Social perception
C)   Fundamental attribution
D)   Conceptual filtering

Question 6

The ______ model of job satisfaction is based on the premise that people adapt their attitudes,behavior,and beliefs to their social context and to the reality of their own past and present behavior and situation.

Accepted Answer

A)   social information processing
B)   social comparison
C)   job characteristics
D)   social environment

Question 7

Describe the elements of Kelley's (1973)attribution/covariation model,which explains how people understand the causes of other people's behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the elements of Kelley's (1973)attribution/covariation model,which...

Question 8

Suppose that you are the supervisor of an employee who performs well across a variety of tasks.In other words,the employee's success on a particular task is not unusual.Furthermore,you notice that he or she is the only employee who performs this task well.Finally,you observe that the employee performs this task well at different times.Given these observations,based on Kelly's (1973)covariation model,you are most likely to attribute the employee's successful performance to

Accepted Answer

A)   internal factors, such as ability and effort
B)   external factors, such as the ease of the task
C)   the quality of your supervision
D)   the quality of the employee's coworkers

Question 9

In the ______ perspective of communication,the locus of communication is the channel.

Accepted Answer

A)   interpretative symbolic
B)   mechanistic
C)   nonverbal behavior
D)   psychological

Question 10

Research by Emrich,Brower,Feldman,and Garland (2001)has found that leaders who use more image-based rhetoric are regarded as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   more charismatic
B)   more powerful
C)   less timid
D)   more independent

Question 11

The process of assigning a cause to a behavior is called the attribution process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In a study,conducted by Schulz-Hardt,Frey,Lüthgens,and Moscovici (2000),both individuals and groups were given a case study involving a chemical company that had to make the decision of whether or not to invest in a developing country.After making an initial decision,all participants were given a chance to receive additional pieces of information that either favored or opposed investment in the developing country.The results showed that

Accepted Answer

A)   individuals but not groups demonstrated a clear preference for additional information that supported the initial decision they had made
B)   groups but not individuals demonstrated a clear preference for additional information that supported the initial decision they had made
C)   both individuals and groups demonstrated a clear preference for additional information that supported the initial decision they had made
D)   both individuals and groups demonstrated a clear preference for additional information that opposed the initial decision they had made

Question 13

A halo effect occurs when people perceive others who are like themselves more favorably than they do others who are dissimilar.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between normative influence and group polarization?

Accepted Answer

A)   The mere knowledge of the positions or opinions of other people, without exposure to discussion, is not enough to produce polarization.
B)   Polarization occurs depending on whether or not individuals believe that the positions or opinions derive from members of an out-group.
C)   When involved in a group discussion, a person's views might become more extreme because he or she feels pressure to conform in order to be accepted.
D)   When involved in a group discussion, a person's views might become more neutral because he or she feels pressure to be accepted by all.

Question 15

According to the textbook,which of the following approaches is used in measuring job satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

A)   the balance approach
B)   the person-fit approach
C)   the global approach
D)   the biopsychosocial approach

Question 16

In the ______ perspective of communication,the locus of communication is the shared meaning that develops between or among the parties involved.

Accepted Answer

A)   mechanistic
B)   psychological
C)   interpretative symbolic
D)   nonverbal

Question 17

With regard to research concerning the effects of nonverbal communication in organizational settings,which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Job interviews conducted by telephone result in the interviewer making less accurate assessments of the applicant's personality than do job interviews conducted face to face.
B)   Within virtual organizations, the volume of information transmitted through electronic communication tends to increase, thereby resulting in greater efficiency.
C)   Message comprehension is lower in electronic communication relative to face-to-face communication.
D)   Employees who communicate exclusively using e-mail may have a more difficult time achieving consensual validation.

Question 18

Perceptual biases refer to errors that distort the perception process and thus lead to faulty judgments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Because we cannot assimilate everything we see,any characteristic that makes a person,object,or event stand out will increase the probability that it will be perceived.This refers to the concept of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   perceptual bias
B)   the halo effect
C)   selective perception
D)   attribution bias

Question 20

The relationship between job characteristics that are challenging and job satisfaction should be higher among employees with a high level of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   internal locus of control
B)   growth need strength
C)   extroversion
D)   education

Exam 10: Applying Social Psychology to Organizations

Which of the following phenomena is a perceptual bias that can affect organizational behavior?

In their study of the communication styles of American and British managers working in the United Kingdom,Dunkerley and Robinson (2002) found that

According to ______ theory,group polarization occurs when most of the arguments the group members hear favor one position over another.

Research on the relationship between the occurrence of the representativeness heuristic and decision making has found that

______ is the process of selecting and interpreting information about how we view ourselves and others.

The ______ model of job satisfaction is based on the premise that people adapt their attitudes,behavior,and beliefs to their social context and to the reality of their own past and present behavior and situation.

Describe the elements of Kelley's (1973)attribution/covariation model,which explains how people understand the causes of other people's behavior.

In the ______ perspective of communication,the locus of communication is the channel.

Research by Emrich,Brower,Feldman,and Garland (2001) has found that leaders who use more image-based rhetoric are regarded as ______.

The process of assigning a cause to a behavior is called the attribution process.

A halo effect occurs when people perceive others who are like themselves more favorably than they do others who are dissimilar.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between normative influence and group polarization?

According to the textbook,which of the following approaches is used in measuring job satisfaction?

In the ______ perspective of communication,the locus of communication is the shared meaning that develops between or among the parties involved.

With regard to research concerning the effects of nonverbal communication in organizational settings,which of the following statements is NOT true?

Perceptual biases refer to errors that distort the perception process and thus lead to faulty judgments.

Because we cannot assimilate everything we see,any characteristic that makes a person,object,or event stand out will increase the probability that it will be perceived.This refers to the concept of ______.

The relationship between job characteristics that are challenging and job satisfaction should be higher among employees with a high level of ______.