Question 1

Through the process of ________, people try to "manage" what others think of them by strategically choosing clothing and other products.

Accepted Answer

A)   impression management
B)   self-extension
C)   self-esteem
D)   social comparison A

Question 2

A woman who was raised on Kate Moss images of women, played with Barbie dolls while growing up, and watched her share of TV was talking with a friend outside a theater playing the Marilyn Monroe classic Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. The woman said, "I didn't know Marilyn Monroe was so big and fat." Her female friend disagreed and said, "Marilyn Monroe is a classic icon of beauty." Discuss this interchange in terms of ideals of beauty.

Accepted Answer

The first woman is using an ideal of beauty associated with the thinner, waif style (e.g., model Kate Moss) that gained popularity in the late twentieth century. The second woman understands that ideals of beauty change over time. During the 1950s (when Marilyn Monroe was a popular actress), curvier, buxom women were considered to be the standard of beauty. Marilyn Monroe is still considered to be an icon of beauty today. In modern terms, a reversal of the "thin is in" trend seems to be occurring as American females put on more weight.

Question 3

Tomboy Tools sells a full line of pink hand and power tools ergonomically designed for women. This is an example of a(n) ________ product.

Accepted Answer

A)   social comparison
B)   gender-bending
C)   androgynous
D)   agentic B

Question 4

Maleness versus femaleness and masculinity versus femininity-do these sets basically mean the same thing? Discuss and illustrate with examples of sex-typed products.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maleness versus femaleness and masculinity versus femininity-do...

Question 5

People across all cultures appear to favor physical features that are associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   intellect
B)   wealth
C)   youth and good health
D)   confidence

Question 6

According to the sociological tradition of ________, relationships with other people play a large part in forming the self.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-image congruence
B)   self-completion theory
C)   symbolic interactionism
D)   body cathexis

Question 7

Arthur was asked to speak in front of a group of downtown business people during the noon hour. He noticed that as he spoke, one person appeared to be napping and another frowned during the entire presentation. "I'm not going to do that again," Arthur promised himself. "I am not a good public speaker!" Which of the following terms best reflects Arthur's perception of himself and his ability as a speaker?

Accepted Answer

A)   multiple selves
B)   ideal self
C)   actual self
D)   looking-glass self

Question 8

The extended self is comprised of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   our actual and ideal selves
B)   our actual and virtual selves
C)   external objects we consider a part of us
D)   our body image and self-esteem

Question 9

Clay often exaggerates his positive qualities on his Facebook updates. He rationalizes the exaggerations by saying, "Who cares what I'm really like anyway?" Clay has separated his ________ self from his ________ self with his exaggerations.

Accepted Answer

A)   outer; public
B)   ideal; actual
C)   collective; actual
D)   ideal; looking-glass

Question 10

According to recent research, which of the following is not one of the three American models of masculine identity?

Accepted Answer

A)   breadwinner
B)   rebel
C)   man-of-action hero
D)   communicator

Question 11

A catalog that features products that appeal to American men who are strongly sex-typed would be most likely to use which of the following promotional styles?

Accepted Answer

A)   content that focuses on relationships and community
B)   images of sensitive, spiritual, and introspective models
C)   images portraying assertive themes
D)   content that requires elaborate processing of message content

Question 12

Sex-typed people are, in general, less concerned with ensuring that their behavior is consistent with their culture's definition of gender appropriateness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The Sims Online and Webkinz are both examples of ________, part of the growing market of real-time, interactive virtual worlds.

Accepted Answer

A)   avatars
B)   computer-mediated environments
C)   role identities
D)   self-image congruence models

Question 14

Historically, people have most closely associated tattoos with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   social outcasts
B)   members of the ruling class
C)   members of fraternities and sororities
D)   members of religious orders

Question 15

The ideal self is a person's conception of how she ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   adapts to play different roles
B)   imagines others to think of her
C)   would like to be
D)   realistically thinks she is

Question 16

"Casual Fridays" in American workplaces encourage the expression of a person's ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   virtual self
B)   dual self
C)   cultural self
D)   unique self

Question 17

Describe how ideals of beauty within a culture motivate consumers to change themselves physically. Mention specific categories where this occurs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how ideals of beauty within a...

Question 18

Western cultures tend to subscribe to an independent understanding of the self, which emphasizes the inherent separateness of each individual.

Accepted Answer