Question 1

In contrast to learning theory, the nativist theory of language development proposes that __________ factors account for the acquisition of language.

Accepted Answer

A) environmental 
B) social 
C) early experience 
D) inborn

Question 2

Children between the ages of three and five incorrectly apply the rules of past tense and plurals and say "sitted" instead of "sat" and "gooses" instead of "geese." This phase of language development reflects

Accepted Answer

A) charming childish speech. 
B) a beginning knowledge of grammar. 
C) faulty language development. 
D) inadequate instruction by the parents.

Question 3

Sally has a preschool-age child. To ensure the child's intellectual functioning is enhanced, what techniques should Sally incorporate in the home environment?

Accepted Answer

A) Encourage the child's problem-solving skills and independence. 
B) Play with the child and use plenty of verbal communication. 
C) Expose the child to play things like puzzles, pegboards, books, and counting games. 
D) All of these

Question 4

To answer multiple-choice questions, one should use convergent thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In your high school French class, you first learned vocabulary and then you practiced conversational French. In the beginning, you were using the _________ of the language, and then you were using the __________ capacity of the language.

Accepted Answer

A) semanticity; infinite creativity 
B) infinite creativity; displacement 
C) displacement; semanticity 
D) infinite creativity; semanticity

Question 6

Charles Spearman argued for a single "general intelligence" factor because he noted that

Accepted Answer

A) people who excel in one area of intellectual functioning are likely to excel in others. 
B) people generally excel in one area. 
C) people always excel in all areas. 
D) people always excel in one area.

Question 7

A sofa, bed, and table are __________ of the category furniture, but a magazine rack, hassock, and piano bench are not.

Accepted Answer

A) positive instances 
B) negative instances 
C) exemplars 
D) prototypes

Question 8

David a typical, nontechnically-oriented college student. It would not be unusual for him to attain _______ IQs on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

Accepted Answer

A) below average 
B) much below average 
C) higher verbal than performance 
D) higher performance than verbal

Question 9

Research has shown that males have a slight advantage in ________, while females are slightly more skilled in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) visual-spatial abilities; verbal skills 
B) science; verbal skills 
C) mathematics; foreign languages 
D) nonverbal skills; verbal skills

Question 10

Mr. Dithering, an office manager of a service company, believes that he is an excellent judge of character and that he can spot a talented prospective employee in a brief interview. Often, he will point out his successful hires but fail to acknowledge poorly performing employees he hired. Dithering's judgment suffers from

Accepted Answer

A) divergent thinking. 
B) inductive reasoning. 
C) overconfidence. 
D) a lack of confidence.

Question 11

When Francine prepared her New Year's resolutions on her health, finances, and relationships, she probably used __________ to formulate her goals and subgoals for each resolution.

Accepted Answer

A) analogous application 
B) trial and error 
C) an algorithm 
D) means-ends analysis

Question 12

____________ instance is to "dog" as ___________ instance is to "not dog."

Accepted Answer

A) Positive; negative 
B) Negative; positive 
C) Exemplar; prototype 
D) Prototype; exemplar

Question 13

Research regarding the use of language in animals supports the following:

Accepted Answer

A) there is no doubt that some animals like gorillas and chimpanzees can be taught to use symbols to communicate. 
B) communication is limited to the human species. 
C) chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans can understand and produce language. 
D) none of these

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the several techniques that have been suggested to increase children's intellectual functioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Be emotionally and verbally responsive to children. 
B) Get involved in their play. 
C) Provide a limited number of experiences. 
D) Encourage children to be independent.

Question 15

Pat Murphy, a police officer of Irish ethnic background, is a black belt in karate and smokes cigars. On the basis of which rule of thumb do we assume that Pat is male?

Accepted Answer

A) Availability heuristic 
B) Representativeness heuristic 
C) Anchoring and adjustment heuristic 
D) Means-end analysis

Question 16

A criticism of Gardner is that some think what he calls "intelligences" are actually

Accepted Answer

A) nonexistent. 
B) talents. 
C) emotions. 
D) misinterpreted behavior.

Question 17

Circles, squares, rectangles, and angles are all part of a mathematical ______ called geometry.

Accepted Answer

A) concept 
B) formula 
C) puzzle 
D) problem

Question 18

During language development, children exhibit overinclusion of instances within a category such as calling a tiger a cat. This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) overextension. 
B) underextension. 
C) overgeneralization. 
D) none of these

Question 19

Which of the following is an analogy?

Accepted Answer

A) There is something rotten in the state of Denmark. 
B) A stitch in time saves nine. 
C) Abe is to 5 as George is to 1. 
D) Art for art's sake.

Question 20

George lost the keys to his car sometime between the time he locked it and his return to the car about three hours later. George retraced his steps, going to all of the places he visited after he initially locked the car. George is using __________ to find his keys.

Accepted Answer

A) trial and error 
B) an algorithm 
C) a heuristic 
D) divination

Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence