Question 1

List the four goals of psychology and provide an example of each one.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  List the four goals of psychology and...

Question 2

Describe two research methods utilized by psychologists,including an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  Describe two research methods utilized by psychologists,including...

Question 3

The first female president of the American Psychological Association was ____.

Accepted Answer

A) Karen Horney 
B) Mary Calkins 
C) Elizabeth Loftus 
D) Anna Freud

Question 4

The point of an experiment is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) observe what happens in a natural environment 
B) ask predetermined questions and record the responses 
C) determine if one variable is associated with another variable 
D) manipulate one variable to see its effects on another variable

Question 5

Predictive hypotheses are used to address which two goals of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) understanding and predicting 
B) testing and controlling 
C) describing and predicting 
D) manipulating and controlling

Question 6

Which statement is true about animal research and our understanding of psychological issues?

Accepted Answer

A) Animal research has not informed our understanding of psychological issues because animals are so fundamentally different from humans. 
B) Animal research has informed our understanding of psychological issues because there are not any ethical guidelines restricting the study of animals. 
C) Animal research has informed our understanding of psychological issues and ethical guidelines protect the animal participants in such research. 
D) Animal research is not part of the science of psychology, which deals only with human behavior.

Question 7

In research,what is a fundamental principle of ethical practice?

Accepted Answer

A) compensation to participants 
B) debriefing participants only if they are at risk 
C) research design by an institutional board 
D) informed consent

Question 8

Dr.O'Neill is interviewing parents about how they discipline their children in an attempt to outline the difference between normal levels of punishment and abuse.Dr.O'Neill is attempting to satisfy which goal of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) describing behavior 
B) predicting behavior 
C) explaining behavior 
D) controlling behavior

Question 9

Problematic variables that can lead to alternative explanations for the results of a study are called ____ variables.

Accepted Answer

A) independent 
B) confounding 
C) dependent 
D) experimental

Question 10

Samples of convenience are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) unacceptable in psychology 
B) not random 
C) best for experiments 
D) especially useful for causal hypotheses

Question 11

A therapist who helps clients who are diagnosed with depression works on changing their perception of things that happen to them.Which perspective is she incorporating the most?

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral 
B) cognitive 
C) sociocultural 
D) humanistic

Question 12

What is an important disadvantage of experiments?

Accepted Answer

A) Experiments do not do a good job of explaining the relationships between the variables studied. 
B) Experiments require a great deal of technology to conduct, which makes them more expensive to conduct than other types of studies. 
C) Some experiments cannot be conducted because to do so would be unethical. 
D) The American Psychological Association requires that only those with doctoral degrees can conduct experiments, which means that many people cannot do them.

Question 13

Compared to a clinical psychologist,a counseling psychologist is more likely to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) prescribe medicine 
B) have earned an M.D. degree 
C) provide therapy to people with life adjustment problems 
D) see clients who have serious mental health disorders

Question 14

Herb is a psychologist who works for a major food manufacturer.He helps the company by studying factors of the work environment,employees,and management that enhance or detract from productivity.Herb is most likely a(n)____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A) social 
B) industrial/organizational 
C) cross-cultural 
D) health

Question 15

After pairing the sound of a bell with giving meat powder,Pavlov noticed that his dogs salivated ____.

Accepted Answer

A) only when he did not give the meat powder 
B) after he gave the meat powder 
C) before he gave the meat powder, when he rang the bell 
D) before he rang the bell, when he gave the meat powder

Question 16

What is one difference between a developmental psychologist and a clinical psychologist?

Accepted Answer

A) Clinical psychologists are more likely to do research. 
B) Developmental psychologists are more likely to have a Psy.D. degree. 
C) Clinical psychologists are more likely to be a therapist. 
D) Developmental psychologists are more likely to only have a bachelor's degree.

Question 17

The psychodynamic perspective is derived from ____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalytic 
B) humanistic 
C) behavioral 
D) cognitive

Question 18

The social movements in the U.S.in the 1960s and the rise of humanism at the same time in psychology were similar in their ____.

Accepted Answer

A) emphasis on freedom of choice and self-determination 
B) rejection of government and all forms of social structure 
C) belief in the animalistic nature of humans 
D) cceptance of the importance of social norms and prescribed codes of behavior

Question 19

The dominant force in American psychology from the early 1920s until the 1960s was ____.

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalytic theory 
B) structuralism 
C) humanism 
D) behaviorism

Question 20

Which statement illustrates a causal hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Students who get more sleep do better on tests. 
B) The amount of alcohol consumed will influence the ability to walk a straight line. 
C) There is a relationship between the number of hot dogs people eat and their rate of cancer. 
D) Shorter men tend to have higher incomes than taller men.

Exam 1: The Science of Psychology