Question 1

As a teenager,you enjoyed jogging.As a result,your parents purchased new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g. ,when you ran your first marathon).According to the self-perception theory,your parents' behavior likely did what to your intrinsic motivation for jogging?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased it 
B) increased it 
C) removed it 
D) instilled it

Question 2

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint,people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions.Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

Accepted Answer

A) brainwashing 
B) self-perception theory 
C) overconfidence 
D) selective exposure

Question 3

How did Martens et al.'s (2007)investigate the idea that killing begets killing?

Accepted Answer

A) By asking students to kill bugs 
B) By asking students to shock a person of the opposite sex 
C) By asking students to shock a person of Arab decent 
D) By asking students to lie to other students about how much they enjoyed a boring task

Question 4

A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave is what social psychologists call a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) attitude. 
B) behavior. 
C) role. 
D) stereotype.

Question 5

Which theory explains our conclusion that we must be nervous because we feel shaky - while forgetting we just had two cups of strong coffee?

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation theory 
B) self-consistency theory 
C) cognitive dissonance theory 
D) self-perception theory

Question 6

No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent,according to _______ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) self-perception 
B) self-justification 
C) self-presentation 
D) social orientation

Question 7

Schnall and Laird's (2003)research revealed that individuals induced to repeatedly practice happy expressions tended to recall more happy memories and found their happy mood lingered.This is best explained by the

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation theory. 
B) self-consistency theory. 
C) cognitive dissonance theory. 
D) self-perception theory.

Question 8

Following the U.S.Supreme Court's 1954 decision to desegregate schools,the percentage of European-Americans favoring integrated schools more than doubled.This is an example of how

Accepted Answer

A) attitudes influence behavior when they are specific to the behavior examined. 
B) attitudes influence behavior when they are potent. 
C) moral attitudes feed moral actions. 
D) moral actions feed moral attitudes.

Question 9

Research on how behavior affects our attitudes suggests all the findings EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A) people don't adapt what they say to please their listeners. 
B) people are quicker to tell people good news rather than bad. 
C) people adjust their message toward their listener's position. 
D) people adjust their message to their listeners,and having done so,believe the altered message.

Question 10

You receive more than one marriage proposal,and after deciding on who you wish to spend your life with,dissonance theory would predict that you would _______ the individual whose proposal you did accept.

Accepted Answer

A) focus on 
B) ignore 
C) downgrade 
D) upgrade

Question 11

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim,especially voluntarily,leads one to

Accepted Answer

A) feel increasingly guilty. 
B) disparage the victim to justify the behavior. 
C) act more kindly toward others. 
D) become more aggressive toward others.

Question 12

According to the theory of ____,you can best predict a person's behavior when you know that person's intended behaviors and their perceived self-efficacy and control.

Accepted Answer

A) attitude formation 
B) inoculation 
C) planned behavior 
D) correlated behavior

Question 13

According to the overjustification effect,reinforcements that praise people tend to _______ intrinsic motivation,and reinforcement that seeks to control people _______ intrinsic motivation.

Accepted Answer

A) decrease;increases 
B) increase;decreases 
C) remove;instills 
D) instill;removes

Question 14

In 1964,Leon Festinger concluded that the evidence to date

Accepted Answer

A) did not show that attitudes guide behaviors. 
B) showed that attitudes guide behaviors. 
C) was irrelevant to the attitude-behavior relation. 
D) showed that attitudes and behaviors varied together.

Question 15

Allison's parents are so happy that she enjoys reading.They decide to encourage her to keep at it by paying her $5 for each book she reads.According to the overjustification effect,how will Allison react to this new reward system?

Accepted Answer

A) She will enjoy reading even more. 
B) She will become less interested in reading. 
C) She will be more selective in which books she reads. 
D) Her attitude toward reading will remain the same.

Question 16

Which areas of the brain are active when we automatically evaluate social stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A) Occipital lobe and hypothalamus 
B) Amygdala and hypothalamus 
C) Amygdala and frontal lobe 
D) Cerebellum and frontal lobe

Question 17

A favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction toward something or someone is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) affect. 
B) attitude. 
C) cognition. 
D) prejudice.

Question 18

When we are unsure of our attitudes,we infer them the same way someone else would who was observing us - that is,we look at our behavior.Which theory does this describe?

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation theory 
B) self-consistency theory 
C) cognitive dissonance theory 
D) self-perception theory

Question 19

Which theory predicts that when people experience a self-image threat,they will compensate by affirming another aspect of the self?

Accepted Answer

A) self-perception theory 
B) cognitive dissonance theory 
C) self-presentation theory 
D) self-affirmation theory

Question 20

Which of the following theories assumes that our actions are self-revealing?

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation theory 
B) self-consistency theory 
C) cognitive dissonance theory 
D) self-perception theory

Exam 4: Behavior and Attitudes

As a teenager,you enjoyed jogging.As a result,your parents purchased new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g. ,when you ran your first marathon) .According to the self-perception theory,your parents' behavior likely did what to your intrinsic motivation for jogging?

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint,people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions.Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

How did Martens et al.'s (2007) investigate the idea that killing begets killing?

A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave is what social psychologists call a(n)

Which theory explains our conclusion that we must be nervous because we feel shaky - while forgetting we just had two cups of strong coffee?

No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent,according to _______ theory.

Schnall and Laird's (2003) research revealed that individuals induced to repeatedly practice happy expressions tended to recall more happy memories and found their happy mood lingered.This is best explained by the

Following the U.S.Supreme Court's 1954 decision to desegregate schools,the percentage of European-Americans favoring integrated schools more than doubled.This is an example of how

Research on how behavior affects our attitudes suggests all the findings EXCEPT that

You receive more than one marriage proposal,and after deciding on who you wish to spend your life with,dissonance theory would predict that you would _______ the individual whose proposal you did accept.

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim,especially voluntarily,leads one to

According to the theory of ____,you can best predict a person's behavior when you know that person's intended behaviors and their perceived self-efficacy and control.

According to the overjustification effect,reinforcements that praise people tend to _ intrinsic motivation,and reinforcement that seeks to control people _ intrinsic motivation.

In 1964,Leon Festinger concluded that the evidence to date

Allison's parents are so happy that she enjoys reading.They decide to encourage her to keep at it by paying her $5 for each book she reads.According to the overjustification effect,how will Allison react to this new reward system?

Which areas of the brain are active when we automatically evaluate social stimuli?

A favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction toward something or someone is called a(n)

When we are unsure of our attitudes,we infer them the same way someone else would who was observing us - that is,we look at our behavior.Which theory does this describe?

Which theory predicts that when people experience a self-image threat,they will compensate by affirming another aspect of the self?

Which of the following theories assumes that our actions are self-revealing?