Question 1

_____ argues that when our attitudes are weak or ambiguous we infer them by looking at our behaviors and the circumstances under which they occur.In other words,we deduce our attitudes in the same manner as would an outside observer.

Accepted Answer

A) Cognitive dissonance theory 
B) The overjustification effect 
C) Insufficient justification theory 
D) Self-perception theory

Question 2

The three elements of the tri-component model of attitudes are

Accepted Answer

A) beliefs,norms,and intentions. 
B) affect,behavior,and cognition. 
C) liking,disliking,and ambivalence. 
D) beliefs,opinions,and sentiments.

Question 3

Which theory assumes that we observe our actions for clues about our own attitudes and beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation 
B) cognitive dissonance 
C) self-justification 
D) self-perception

Question 4

Compare and contrast self-perception and dissonance explanations in regards to the relationship between attitudes and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast self-perception and dissonance explanations...

Question 5

Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)found that when people act in a manner that is contrary to their internal attitudes they feel uncomfortable.To reduce this discomfort they may change their attitudes.This is known as

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive dissonance. 
B) self-perception theory. 
C) the insufficient justification effect. 
D) the fundamental attribution error.

Question 6

The finding that religious attitudes can predict the total quantity of religious behaviors over time is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) moral hypocrisy. 
B) the power of the situation over time. 
C) the ABCs of attitudes. 
D) the principle of aggregation.

Question 7

Which of the following would better predict a person's racial biases?

Accepted Answer

A) His/her implicit attitude 
B) His/her explicit attitude 
C) Self-perception theory 
D) Cognitive-dissonance

Question 8

As a teenager,your parents always forced you to clean your room.Now that you are living on your own,you feel no motivation to clean,as there are no parents around to nag you.This is an example of how

Accepted Answer

A) attitudes follow behaviors. 
B) behaviors follow attitudes. 
C) attitudes follow behaviors for which we feel some responsibility. 
D) behaviors follow attitudes for which we feel some responsibility.

Question 9

If you are studying because you want to do well in a course and truly want to understand the material,you are more likely to want to study in the future as compared to those students who view studying as compulsory.Your situation is an example of how

Accepted Answer

A) attitudes follow behaviors. 
B) behaviors follow attitudes. 
C) attitudes follow behaviors for which we feel some responsibility. 
D) behaviors follow attitudes for which we feel some responsibility.

Question 10

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later to a larger request is called the _______ phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A) foot-in-the-door 
B) lowball 
C) compliance 
D) conformity

Question 11

In the ABCs of attitudes,"C" stands for

Accepted Answer

A) care. 
B) connotation. 
C) cognition. 
D) concern.

Question 12

When external inducements are insufficient to justify our behavior,we reduce dissonance by justifying the behavior internally.Which of the following theories explains this insufficient justification effect?

Accepted Answer

A) self-perception 
B) self-presentation 
C) role-playing 
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 13

Which of the following theories assumes that for strategic reasons,we express attitudes that make us appear consistent?

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation theory 
B) self-consistency theory 
C) cognitive dissonance theory 
D) self-perception theory

Question 14

Higgins and Rholes (1978)found that when people say something positive to others when told to supported the research that

Accepted Answer

A) saying it changes our beliefs or feelings. 
B) saying it does not change our beliefs or feelings. 
C) saying it changes the other person's mind. 
D) saying it does not change the other person's minD.

Question 15

What is the "principle of aggregation"? How can it help us understand moral hypocrisy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the "principle of aggregation"? How...

Question 16

According to your text,_______ is the term Batson and his colleagues (2002)used to describe the tendency to appear moral while avoiding the costs of being so.

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral inconsistency 
B) moral cowardice 
C) moral hypocrisy 
D) attitude-behavior discrepancy

Question 17

How do evil acts influence evil attitudes? Provide research examples to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do evil acts influence evil attitudes?...

Question 18

According to the overjustification effect,promising children a reward for doing what they already intrinsically enjoy will

Accepted Answer

A) lead to more enjoyment of the activity. 
B) lead to less enjoyment of the activity. 
C) increase the time and effort they put into the activity. 
D) encourage them to do the activity on their own,without the promise of future rewards.

Question 19

You would like your roommate to wash dishes more often.How could you use the insufficient justification effect to your advantage?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You would like your roommate to wash...

Question 20

Explain the attitudes-follow-behavior principle and give an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the attitudes-follow-behavior principle and give an...

Exam 4: Behavior and Attitudes