Question 1

In an experimental study, the group of participants who are not exposed to the experimental treatment is:

Accepted Answer

A) the experimental group 
B) the random group 
C) the dependent variable group 
D) the control group

Question 2

A commonly used measure of variability is the ____________________, which measures the difference between the largest and smallest score in a data set.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A commonly used measure of variability is...

Question 3

Which type of study would control for both participant expectations and expectations on the part of the investigator?

Accepted Answer

A) a total-blind study 
B) a double-blind study 
C) a single-blind study 
D) a triple-blind study

Question 4

Which of the following is the maximum value for a correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A) +0.50 
B) +0.90 
C) +1.00 
D) +5.00

Question 5

The test grade Jim receives in Professor Evans' class is determined by how well he does on the test in relation to the scores received by the rest of the class.Professor Evans is using the grading method known as:

Accepted Answer

A) relative grading 
B) absolute grading 
C) statistical grading 
D) expectancy grading

Question 6

The measure of central tendency that is most sensitive to extreme scores within the data set is:

Accepted Answer

A) the mode 
B) the median 
C) the standard deviation 
D) the mean

Question 7

When a student's grade is determined by the percentage of items correct on a test, this is called:

Accepted Answer

A) absolute grading 
B) relative grading 
C) statistical grading 
D) expectancy grading

Question 8

Dr.Brown designs an experiment to test the effects of a new memory drug.Half the participants will receive a placebo and half will receive the actual drug, but neither the participants nor the researchers administering the drug will be informed which is the placebo.Dr.Brown has designed:

Accepted Answer

A) an unethical experiment 
B) a double-blind research study 
C) a single-blind research study 
D) a study that will maximize participant expectancy effects

Question 9

A placebo can be used:

Accepted Answer

A) in either a single-blind or double-blind study 
B) in either a total-blind or partial-blind study 
C) only in a single-blind study 
D) only in a total-blind study

Question 10

As Behavior A decreases, Behavior B decreases by an equal amount.This pattern reflects:

Accepted Answer

A) a negative correlation 
B) a zero correlation 
C) a positive correlation 
D) a third variable correlation

Question 11

When the results of a scientific observation are representative of real life, the results:

Accepted Answer

A) have internal validity 
B) have scientific regularity 
C) have been operationally defined 
D) have external validity

Question 12

Operational definitions:

Accepted Answer

A) ensure the results of a scientific investigation will be externally valid 
B) define concepts in terms of how they will be measured 
C) are only necessary in experimental studies 
D) define concepts in abstract terms

Question 13

After a research study, a participant may receive ____________________, which is intended to clear up any misunderstandings that the person might have about the research and to explain in detail why certain procedures were used.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After a research study, a participant may...

Question 14

Some experiments use a(n) ____________________ procedure in which neither the participants nor the researchers are informed about which group (experimental or control) a participant is in.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some experiments use a(n) ____________________ procedure in...

Question 15

Naturalistic observation, case studies, and surveys are all examples of:

Accepted Answer

A) experimental research 
B) descriptive research 
C) double-blind research designs 
D) single-blind research designs

Question 16

When everyone in the target population had an equal likelihood of being selected to take part in a survey, the researcher has selected a:

Accepted Answer

A) biased sample 
B) random population 
C) nonrepresentative sample 
D) random sample

Question 17

Random assignment:

Accepted Answer

A) eliminates differences among people 
B) ensures research participants do not know one another 
C) does not eliminate differences among people 
D) ensures research participants know one another

Question 18

Of the following, the correlation coefficient that indicates the strongest relationship between the two variables being measured is:

Accepted Answer

A) -0.89 
B) +0.65 
C) 0.00 
D) +3.46

Question 19

If a placebo is used, researchers assume that differences in group performance are not due to:

Accepted Answer

A) experimenter expectancies about the experiment 
B) differences in the personal characteristics of subjects in each group 
C) subject expectancies about the experiment 
D) the environmental conditions that are intentionally manipulated in the experiment

Question 20

Pamela signed up for a study that would test the effects of a new experimental drug.She knew that only half the participants would actually receive the drug, while the rest would receive a placebo.However, Pamela is unsure whether the drug she is receiving is real.Pamela is taking part in:

Accepted Answer

A) a single-blind research study 
B) an unethical experiment 
C) a case study 
D) a study with no external validity

Exam 2: The Tools of Psychological Research