Question 1

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding language development?

Accepted Answer

A) experience plays no role in language development 
B) language develops in a highly irregular fashion 
C) it is difficult to explain language development by appealing only to environment 
D) the universality of language development becomes apparent at the start of adolescence

Question 2

Sometimes we do better at solving a problem when we stop working on it for a while.Psychologists refer to this phenomenon as:

Accepted Answer

A) problem reframing 
B) anchoring and adjustment 
C) working backwards 
D) an incubation effect

Question 3

Babies generally start communicating by ____________________ when they are between four and six months old

Accepted Answer

The answer of Babies generally start communicating by ____________________ when...

Question 4

In one popular science fiction movie, the Jedi master uses sentences such as "When 900 years old you are, look so good you will not." When he speaks in this way, the Jedi master is able to convey meaning, but his sentences do not:

Accepted Answer

A) use typical English semantics 
B) use common English morphemes 
C) follow normal English syntax 
D) contain a surface structure

Question 5

When individuals devise actions to reduce the gap between their current point in a problem and the final goal, they are using the problem-solving heuristic known as:

Accepted Answer

A) working backward 
B) means-ends analysis 
C) searching for analogies 
D) availability

Question 6

The linguistic relativity hypothesis predicts that:

Accepted Answer

A) language and thought should develop independently 
B) people in all cultures should think alike, despite their language differences 
C) language development should consistently lag behind cognitive development 
D) people should have difficulty thinking about things they cannot describe in words

Question 7

Tara had struggled for hours trying to figure out how to finance his spring break trip.He was just about to give up, when the solution suddenly was obvious.This pattern of problem solving is characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

A) means-ends analysis 
B) the incubation effect 
C) insight 
D) the prototype approach

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an argument against the idea language developed as an adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A) There are no fossil records to support the evolution of language. 
B) Children are not taught the rules of language in a systematic fashion. 
C) It is not easy to see how a simple form of language could have an adaptive advantage. 
D) The universal features of language might be a result of how our perceptual systems operate.

Question 9

A child has just started babbling.You can guess the child is between:

Accepted Answer

A) 3 to 5 weeks of age 
B) 2 to 3 months of age 
C) 4 to 6 months of age 
D) 8 to 10 months of age

Question 10

According to the linguistic relativity hypothesis, language shapes how we perceive the world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Finding a solution to a problem requires that one understands exactly what information one has, and how the information can potentially be used.In other words, proper:

Accepted Answer

A) functional fixedness 
B) mental set 
C) problem representation 
D) task restructuring

Question 12

Within the family resemblance method of category formation, objects with few of the family features:

Accepted Answer

A) represent "good" members of the category 
B) represent "poor" members of the category 
C) are called prototypes or exemplars 
D) form the basic level for the concept hierarchy

Question 13

From the viewpoint of pragmatics, if someone wants to get someone to think more creatively in a problem solving situation, it may be better to be:

Accepted Answer

A) silent 
B) direct 
C) blunt 
D) sarcastic

Question 14

When individuals try to find a connection between the current problem and some previous problem, they are using the problem-solving heuristic known as:

Accepted Answer

A) means-ends analysis 
B) working backward 
C) representativeness 
D) searching for analogies

Question 15

If categories are formed using prototypes:

Accepted Answer

A) each new object must possess all the necessary features to be considered acceptable members of a category 
B) category membership is determined by the particular set of core features an object possesses 
C) each new object is compared to the existing members of the category 
D) each new object is compared to the best or most representative member of the category

Question 16

Max is scanning the racks of hundreds of videos in his local video store, trying to choose which movie he should rent for the weekend.In this situation, Max will need to rely on:

Accepted Answer

A) his problem-solving skills 
B) materialistic identification principles 
C) means-ends analysis 
D) his decision-making skills

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an essential type of rule contained in a language grammar?

Accepted Answer

A) phonology 
B) heuristics 
C) syntax 
D) semantics

Question 18

With the family resemblance method of category formation, objects with most of the family features:

Accepted Answer

A) represent "good" members of the category 
B) represent "poor" members of the category 
C) are called prototypes or exemplars 
D) form the basic level for the concept hierarchy

Question 19

Gary wants to solve his problem with 100% success.His best bet would be to use which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) working backward solution 
B) means-ends analysis 
C) heuristic 
D) algorithm

Question 20

Which of the following facts has been viewed as good evidence that language is an adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A) Children make mistakes when learning the rules of language. 
B) Some people inherit the tendency to make certain grammatical errors when using language. 
C) Chimpanzees can be taught to use some manual signs to communicate. 
D) The human ear is poorly designed for processing speech.

Exam 9: Language and Thought

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding language development?

Sometimes we do better at solving a problem when we stop working on it for a while.Psychologists refer to this phenomenon as:

Babies generally start communicating by ____________________ when they are between four and six months old

In one popular science fiction movie, the Jedi master uses sentences such as "When 900 years old you are, look so good you will not." When he speaks in this way, the Jedi master is able to convey meaning, but his sentences do not:

When individuals devise actions to reduce the gap between their current point in a problem and the final goal, they are using the problem-solving heuristic known as:

The linguistic relativity hypothesis predicts that:

Tara had struggled for hours trying to figure out how to finance his spring break trip.He was just about to give up, when the solution suddenly was obvious.This pattern of problem solving is characteristic of:

Which of the following is NOT an argument against the idea language developed as an adaptation?

A child has just started babbling.You can guess the child is between:

According to the linguistic relativity hypothesis, language shapes how we perceive the world.

Finding a solution to a problem requires that one understands exactly what information one has, and how the information can potentially be used.In other words, proper:

Within the family resemblance method of category formation, objects with few of the family features:

From the viewpoint of pragmatics, if someone wants to get someone to think more creatively in a problem solving situation, it may be better to be:

When individuals try to find a connection between the current problem and some previous problem, they are using the problem-solving heuristic known as:

If categories are formed using prototypes:

Max is scanning the racks of hundreds of videos in his local video store, trying to choose which movie he should rent for the weekend.In this situation, Max will need to rely on:

Which of the following is NOT an essential type of rule contained in a language grammar?

With the family resemblance method of category formation, objects with most of the family features:

Gary wants to solve his problem with 100% success.His best bet would be to use which of the following?

Which of the following facts has been viewed as good evidence that language is an adaptation?