Question 1

Which statement is supported by research on childhood injury rates in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children from advantaged families are at considerably greater risk for injury than children in Western Europe. 
B)  The rate of childhood death from injury is higher than the rates in developing countries. 
C)  Safety devices, such as car seats and bicycle helmets, are readily available and affordable, so injury rates are better than those in other Western nations. 
D)  Contrary to popular belief, girls are more likely to be unintentionally injured than boys during childhood.

Question 2

Which statement is supported by research on individual differences in motor skills?

Accepted Answer

A)  Environmental factors have little impact on sex differences in motor skills. 
B)  Sex differences in motor skills decrease with age, but remain great throughout childhood. 
C)  Adult involvement in young children's motor activities should focus on the correct technique. 
D)  The social climate created by adults can enhance or dampen preschoolers' motor development.

Question 3

Which statement is supported by research on nutrition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preschoolers require significantly more carbohydrates and fat than adults need. 
B)  Serving "adult" foods like broccoli or tofu promotes picky eating in preschoolers. 
C)  Offering bribes leads children to like healthy foods more. 
D)  Offering sweet fruit drinks or soft drinks promotes "milk avoidance."

Question 4

With the transition to early childhood,many children __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have an increase in appetite due to slowed growth 
B)  become unpredictable, picky eaters 
C)  need larger quantities of food than adults require 
D)  require different nutrients than adults need for a healthy diet

Question 5

By age 2,children __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  take turns in face-to-face interaction 
B)  can infer a speaker's indirectly expressed intention 
C)  adjust their speech to fit the age of their listeners 
D)  adjust their speech to fit the social status of their listeners

Question 6

Two-year-old Christoph can probably __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  use a spoon effectively 
B)  use a fork effectively 
C)  pedal and steer a tricycle 
D)  tie his shoes

Question 7

Which child is the most likely to get his or her permanent teeth first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brooke, an obese girl 
B)  Malik, an undernourished boy 
C)  Jack, a boy of average weight 
D)  Sasha, an undernourished girl

Question 8

The hippocampus plays a vital role in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  balance and control of body movement 
B)  memory and spatial understanding 
C)  sustained, controlled attention 
D)  processing emotional information

Question 9

With regard to questions used to elicit children's autobiographical narratives,preschoolers who experience the __________ style recall __________ information about past events.

Accepted Answer

A)  repetitive; more 
B)  elaborative; less 
C)  metacognitive; less 
D)  elaborative; more

Question 10

Three-year old Aabbee refuses to leave her stuffed elephant at home.She explains,"My elephant feels scared because she is alone." Aabbee is using __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation 
B)  egocentrism 
C)  animistic thinking 
D)  centration

Question 11

Dr.Kahng shows a group of preschoolers a tray with a set of 10 familiar items.She then takes the tray out of the room and asks the children to name the items they saw.Dr.Kahng is testing __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition memory 
B)  recall memory 
C)  sustained attention 
D)  episodic memory

Question 12

Two-year-old Asha says,"We saw two deers." Asha is demonstrating __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  overextension 
B)  underextension 
C)  overregularization 
D)  underregularization

Question 13

Two-year old Salomé placed a crayon on paper and quickly drew a line across the page,explaining,"Car zooms!" Which statement best describes Salomé's drawing progress?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her gestures rather than the resulting scribbles contained the intended representation. 
B)  Her gesture made a recognizable shape, and then she labeled it. 
C)  She used lines to represent the boundaries of objects. 
D)  Her drawing was complex and realistic.

Question 14

Describe the benefits of watching educational television,such as Sesame Street,Arthur,and The Magic School Bus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the benefits of watching educational television,such...

Question 15

In research comparing artistic maturity and originality,Chinese-American children's drawings were __________ than European-American children's drawings.

Accepted Answer

A)  more advanced but less creative 
B)  more advanced and more creative 
C)  less advanced and less creative 
D)  less advanced but more creative

Question 16

A researcher shows 3-year-old Emilia two small boxes-a familiar crayon box and a plain,unmarked box.When the researcher asks Emilia to pick the box with the crayons in it,Emilia picks the familiar box.The researcher then shows Emilia that the familiar box is empty and the unmarked box contains crayons.Finally,the researcher introduces Emilia to a puppet named Betty and asks,"Where do you think Betty will look for the crayons?" The researcher is testing Emilia's grasp of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  false beliefs 
B)  conservation 
C)  irreversibility 
D)  class inclusion

Question 17

As children's bodies become more streamlined and less top-heavy,__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  balance improves greatly 
B)  their center of gravity shifts upward 
C)  gross-motor development slows 
D)  fine-motor development slows

Question 18

Worldwide,__________ percent of deaths of children under age 5 are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  28; due to infectious diseases 
B)  58; in industrialized nations 
C)  78; due to infectious diseases 
D)  98; in developing countries

Question 19

Although rates of left-handedness are relatively high in tribal and village cultures,in a study of one such society in New Guinea,individuals who __________ were far more likely to be extremely right-handed.

Accepted Answer

A)  had a left-handed parent 
B)  had intellectual disabilities 
C)  did not engage in athletic activities 
D)  had attended school in childhood

Question 20

According to Piaget,young children are not capable of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentrism 
B)  operations 
C)  animistic thinking 
D)  dual representation

Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood