Question 1

By age 8 to 10,__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy metabolism in the cerebral cortex peaks 
B)  the number of synapses in the prefrontal cortex is nearly half the adult value 
C)  energy consumption of most cortical regions diminishes to near-adult levels 
D)  brain size increases to about 70 percent of its adult weight

Question 2

Elias is shown 15 matchbox cars,5 of which are blue and 10 of which are red.When asked,"Are there more red cars or cars?" Elias responds,"More red cars." This class inclusion problem shows that Elias __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  uses animistic thinking 
B)  uses magical thinking 
C)  has mastered the ability to conserve 
D)  has difficulty with hierarchical classification

Question 3

Which statement about preventing childhood injuries is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Once they know better, children do not behave in ways that compromise safety. 
B)  Parents should ease off on monitoring preschoolers once they have learned safety rules. 
C)  Because of the high value they place on freedom, American parents rarely ignore safety rules. 
D)  Many parents overestimate young children's knowledge of safety rules.

Question 4

What is one reason the United States lags behind Australia,Canada,Denmark,the Netherlands,Norway,Sweden,and the United Kingdom in immunizations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uninsured U.S. children do not receive free immunizations. 
B)  Childhood diseases have been virtually eradicated in the United States, making immunization unnecessary. 
C)  Many low-income U.S. families do not have adequate health insurance coverage. 
D)  More U.S. parents are aware that immunizations cause autism.

Question 5

Over spring vacation,Prachi goes to Disney World with her family.When she returns to school,Prachi excitedly tells her teacher about the trip.Prachi's representation of this personally meaningful,one-time event is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a script 
B)  metacognition 
C)  a false belief 
D)  an autobiographical memory

Question 6

Lia lacks growth hormone (GH).Without medical intervention,Lia will probably __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  be much taller than the average adult 
B)  grow slowly throughout childhood and then grow at a normal rate 
C)  reach an average mature height of only 4 to 4½ feet 
D)  be intellectually disabled

Question 7

Phonological awareness is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  weakly associated with later reading success 
B)  unrelated to literacy development 
C)  a strong predictor of later spelling achievement 
D)  a strong predictor of later math achievement

Question 8

When preschoolers are given tasks that are simplified and relevant to their everyday lives,they __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot reason effectively 
B)  do not infer others' intentions 
C)  do not display the illogical characteristics that Piaget saw 
D)  cannot engage in reasoning by analogy about physical changes

Question 9

Agata suffered from persistent diarrhea in early childhood.As a result,during her school years,Agata is probably __________ than her agemates who were not stricken with persistent diarrhea.

Accepted Answer

A)  heavier in weight 
B)  shorter in height 
C)  better nourished 
D)  more attentive

Question 10

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)prompts the thyroid gland in the neck to release __________,which is necessary for brain development and for growth hormone (GH)to have its full impact on body size.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  estrogen 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  oxytocin

Question 11

Four-year-old Jasmine is shown two identical tall glasses of water and agrees that they contain the same amount of liquid.When the liquid is poured into a short,wide container,she says that there is more water in the shorter container because it is "all spread out." Jasmine is demonstrating a lack of understanding of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation 
B)  centration 
C)  dual representation 
D)  reversibility

Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood