Question 1

The fact that people are unable to recall events that took place during the first two years after birth is called infantile _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that people are unable to...

Question 2

On average, older adults are faster on timed tasks than young adults.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Seventy-year-old Ace decides that he cannot remain effective at all types of gambling so he decides to focus only on blackjack, with the hopes that this narrow focus will allow him to perform better in this one area. According to the SOC approach, the decision to abandon other forms of gambling represents

Accepted Answer

A)  selection. 
B)  optimization. 
C)  compensation. 
D)  plasticity.

Question 4

Younger children tend to rely more on _____ than older children.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal cues for encoding and retrieval 
B)  external cues for encoding and retrieval 
C)  external cues for encoding and internal cues for retrieval 
D)  internal cues for encoding and external cues for retrieval

Question 5

Early memories tend to be very cue-dependent and context-specific.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Len has a mediation deficiency. Ben has a production deficiency. Ken has a utilization deficiency. How many of these children would be able to both produce and benefit from their own memory strategies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Zero 
B)  One 
C)  Two 
D)  Three

Question 7

The information-processing approach stresses all of the following basic mental processes EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  decision-making. 
B)  reinforcers. 
C)  perception. 
D)  attention.

Question 8

On which type of problem-solving task would the performance of a middle-aged adult be superior to that of a young adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  On unfamiliar, meaningless laboratory tasks 
B)  On unfamiliar, but meaningful tasks 
C)  On familiar and meaningful tasks 
D)  Middle-aged problem-solvers never out-perform younger adults

Question 9

On the "balance beam problem," which child would be most likely to always guess that the side with the more weights will drop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Warren, who is 5 years old 
B)  Walter, who is 15 years old 
C)  Waldo, who is 50 years old 
D)  Wayne, who is 85 years old

Question 10

What types of memory tasks cause older adults the most problems? On which types of tasks do older individuals have the least difficulty?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What types of memory tasks cause older...

Question 11

On a political science test, Barack is asked to write down the name of the main democratic presidential candidate in the United States in 2008. He has no idea of the answer, so he asked his teacher for a hint. The teacher says, "I can tell you this, when he won my friend said, "oh mama." With the hint, Barack is now being presented with a _____ memory task.

Accepted Answer

A)  cued-recall 
B)  recognition 
C)  recall 
D)  implicit

Question 12

How is Piaget's explanation of cognitive development different from that of Siegler's explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Siegler sees cognitive development more in terms of operant consequences (i.e., reinforcement and punishment). 
B)  Siegler sees cognitive development more in terms of genetic and biological factors. 
C)  Piaget sees cognitive development more in terms of qualitative steps in which new ideas replace old. 
D)  Piaget sees cognitive development more in terms of language and less in terms of spatial skills.

Question 13

At which age do people do better on recall tasks than on recognition tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adolescence 
B)  Middle age 
C)  Old age 
D)  No age group does better on recall tasks

Question 14

Six-month-old Frances has been listening to her mother, Courtney, singing for the past 20 minutes. How would Frances demonstrate habituation?

Accepted Answer

A)  While she would be excited when her mom first started singing, she would eventually become disinterested. 
B)  She would attempt to imitate the noise her mother is making. 
C)  She would become progressively more excited by her mom's singing. 
D)  She would begin to exhibit the rooting reflex.

Question 15

If a teacher were to apply Siegler's findings on the use of problem-solving strategies in the classroom, the teacher would

Accepted Answer

A)  want to find out about the number of books in the child's home. 
B)  try to notice just what aspect of a problem is causing the child some difficulty. 
C)  discourage the use of metacognitive strategies. 
D)  stop using recognition tests in favor of recall exams.

Question 16

In what ways are the autobiographical memory young children and older adults similar? How do they differ?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways are the autobiographical memory...

Question 17

A(n) _____ memory occurs as the result of a deliberate, intentional effort.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) _____ memory occurs as the result...

Question 18

Cognitive theorists suggest that the most likely order of the process of memory when information is being processed for the first time would be

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding, consolidation, storage, and retrieval. 
B)  retrieval, encoding, consolidation, and storage. 
C)  consolidation, storage, encoding, and retrieval. 
D)  storage, retrieval, encoding, and consolidation.

Question 19

_____ teens are most likely to utilize metacognitive strategies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Low SES male 
B)  Low SES female 
C)  High SES male 
D)  High SES female

Question 20

Which pair best describes the memory abilities of a human infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cue-dependent and context-independent 
B)  Cue-dependent and context-specific 
C)  Cue-independent and context-independent 
D)  Cue-independent and context-specific

Exam 8: Memory and Information Processing