Question 1

What do functional fixedness and mental sets have in common with each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  They facilitate creativity. 
B)  They aid in the process of incubation. 
C)  They are examples of heuristics. 
D)  They are obstacles to problem solving.

Question 2

Describe the evidence that mental images are in some ways like the actual stimulus, as well as the evidence that they are different from the actual stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the evidence that mental images are...

Question 3

Reliability is a measure of a test's____.

Accepted Answer

A)  accuracy 
B)  significance 
C)  dependability 
D)  consistency

Question 4

The research on intelligence test scores within and among ethnic groups suggests that it is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  not possible to predict individual test scores from a person's ethnicity, regardless of a person's ethnic group 
B)  possible to predict individual test scores from a person's ethnicity, regardless of a person's ethnic group 
C)  possible to predict individual test scores from a person's ethnicity if the person is European American, but not if the person is Latino 
D)  possible to predict individual test scores from a person's ethnicity if the person is Latino, but not if the person is European American

Question 5

Children typically begin to speak their first words at around ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  six months 
B)  nine months 
C)  12 months 
D)  15 months

Question 6

Cooking without using strict measurements, but relying upon past experience and cooking wisdom to determine the correct proportions of ingredients, is an example of using a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prototype 
B)  heuristic 
C)  underextension 
D)  algorithm

Question 7

Based on your reading, which individual will have the highest level of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ramon, a 10-year-old Latino boy 
B)  Sally, a 12-year-old African American girl 
C)  Julie, an 11-year-old Asian girl 
D)  There is no way to predict individual IQ from group averages.

Question 8

Which two theories of intelligence are most different from each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Spearman's "g" theory and Howard Gardner' multiple intelligences 
B)  Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences and Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory 
C)  Charles Spearman's "g" theory and Raymond Cattell's crystallized and fluid intelligence theory 
D)  L. L. Thurstone's seven mental abilities theory and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences

Question 9

In determining the perfect suit to wear to a job interview, you are most likely to use a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristic 
B)  algorithm 
C)  well-structured solution 
D)  heuristic or algorithm

Question 10

In deductive reasoning, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a general rule is applied to specific cases 
B)  heuristics are used to reach a conclusion 
C)  specific instances are used to discover a general rule 
D)  algorithms are used to reach a conclusion

Question 11

In what way does language appear to influence thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)  Language can influence our memory and perceptions. 
B)  The words of a particular language can create new ways of thinking that would not be possible if one spoke a different language. 
C)  Different nouns can alter the depth of thinking in a particular area, but different verbs cannot. 
D)  Different verbs can alter the depth of thinking in a particular area, but different nouns cannot.

Question 12

If you remember many stories told by your grandparents about your ethnic and cultural background, and if these stories have greatly influenced you to continue the customs, beliefs, and values of that culture, you have provided support for ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory 
B)  Benjamin Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis 
C)  Susann Doyle's cultural relativity theory 
D)  Francis Galton's hereditary intelligence hypothesis

Question 13

Which statement is TRUE with regard to a child's first words?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overextension is an abnormal stage of language development. 
B)  When first using words, children often begin with two-word sentences. 
C)  Children's first words are usually names of familiar objects, people, or actions. 
D)  Stages of language development are extremely variable across cultures.

Question 14

Sir Francis Galton believed that intelligence was ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inherited 
B)  characteristic only of humans 
C)  best measured by the bumps and contours of a person's head 
D)  largely unmeasurable

Question 15

Which professions would be most likely to require a high degree of spatial intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Waitress 
B)  Store clerk 
C)  Architect 
D)  Accountant

Question 16

According to the availability heuristic, you are more likely to ____ the number of days that it snows each year, if asked to make this judgment on a ____ day.

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimate; sunny 
B)  overestimate; snowy 
C)  underestimate; snowy 
D)  accurately judge; snowy

Question 17

If a problem has a clear pathway to a solution, then it is considered a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ill-structured problem 
B)  well-structured problem 
C)  prototypical problem 
D)  algorithmic problem

Question 18

Katherine is shopping for a wedding gown and is on a tight budget. She printed a picture of her dream dress and has all her friends and family looking for a similar gown. Katherine is using the picture as a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prototype 
B)  superordinate 
C)  concept 
D)  exemplar

Question 19

A valid intelligence test is one that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  measures what it is designed to measure 
B)  is reliable 
C)  is accurate 
D)  measures ability to solve problems

Question 20

Mr. Chomlee's engineering division of an auto-making plant is having difficulty coming up with new ideas on how to improve fuel efficiency in the cars they are designing. What are some techniques to enhance their problem-solving ability?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mr. Chomlee's engineering division of an auto-making...

Exam 8: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence